CARROLL
381
CARROLL
of fifteen members, who were to be selected by a body
of forty electors, two from each county, and one each
from Baltimore and Annapolis. In the fall of 1778,
Carroll resigned his seat in Congress and returned to
Maryland to become a member of its senate. He was
placed on all its important committees. He was re-
elected to Congress in 1780, but promptly resigned
his seat. He was elected president of the Maryland
Senate, 23 May, 1783, and a second time on 23 Decem-
ber. Carroll was in the Maryland Senate from 1787
to 1789, when the constitution was adopted, and be-
came a leader of the Federalists. He was elected to
the U. S. Senate from Maryland and took his seat in
1789, On the 19th of May, Carroll was appointed one
of a committee of three to revise the journal of the
Senate for publication. As a Federalist Carroll fa-
voured the tariff, Hamilton's funding measures, and
the strengthening of the national government. He
and Lee of Virginia were the chief advocates of plac-
ing the capital at Philadelphia for ten years, thence
to be removed to the Potomac. As a democrat he
opposed all distinctions and titles. Although favour-
ing a centralized government he preferred to serve his
state, for when Congress at its session in 1792 passed
a law making it ineligible for a person to hold office in
Congress and in a State legislature, Carroll resigned
lii> seat in the U. S. Senate to retain his place in the
Maryland Senate. In this capacity he served the
State of Maryland till 1801. In 1799 he served on
the committee to settle the boundary disputes be-
tween Maryland and Virginia.
After the election of Jefferson to the presidency in 1800, Carroll viewed public events with anxiety and fear. He was out of sympathy with the prosecution of a second war with (Ireat Britain. In later years lie became more hopeful of his nation's future. His last public act was t lie laying of the corner-stone of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad on the 4th of July, 1828. After the death of Adams and Jefferson on the 4th of July, 1826, he was the only surviving Signer of the Declaration of Independence.
■On the 5th of June. 1768, Charles Carroll married his cousin Man' Darnall. who died in 1782. They had seven chifdren, four of whom died in youth. One of his daughters married Richard Caton, an Englishman, and another married the distinguished statesman from South Carolina, Robert Goodloe Harper. He outlived by several years his only son, Charles Carroll, Jr.
Rowland. Life and Correspondence trf Charles Carroll of Car-
raUlcm (New York. 1898); LatROBB, Sketch of Charles Carroll
of CarroUton in Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of
ve« Y..rk. IsjT , VII; Niuss, Register (1827),
XXXVIII. 79; Appleton's Journal (New York. 1874). XII,
I,..- .'Ml, 2S7; Cathnlir World (New York, 1X76), XXIII, 537; SiiBA, // •( r. S (New York, lss!t-<J2l; Chiffin,
Catholics in the Am. Revolution (Ridley P:irk, Pennsylvania, A very full list of publications relating to Charles Car- re, II a iirinte.l in Hist. Records and Studies IV. S. Cath. Hist. Soc.. New York, Jan., 1903), III. pt. I.
J. E. Hagerty.
Carroll, Daniel, brother of Archbishop Carroll, b. at Upper Marlboro, Maryland, 1'. S. A., 1733; d. at Washington. 1829. Politically he was, in his time, one of the most influential men of his native State, but. the wider fame of his illustrious brother has somewhat overshadowed his repute. His early train- ing was like that of the archbishop. "My father", he wrote, 20 Dec, 1 762. to his kinsman, James Carroll, in Ireland, "died in 17.">0 and left six children, myself, Ann. John. Ellen, Mary and Betsey. My eldest sister Ann is married to Mr. Robert Brent in Virginia. They have one child a son. My brother John was sent abroad for his education on my return. Ellen, my second sister, is married well, to Mr. Wm. Brent in Virginia mar my eldest sister. She has three boys and one girl. My sisters Mary and Betsy are un- married and live chiefly with my mother " (Wood- stock Letters. VII, 5). An elder brother, Henry, was
drowned while a boy at school. Until the Revolution
Daniel Carroll led the life of the country gentleman
of the day, but it may be noted that, the Catholic men
who had been sent abroad to school were far superior,
as a class, to their neighbours, whose narrow and insular
education rarely led them to interests beyond their
county limits. Carroll was an active partisan of the
colonists, serving as a member from Maryland of the
old Colonial Congress (1780-1784). He was also a
delegate from Maryland to the convention that sat
in Philadelphia. 14 May to 17 Sept., 1789, and framed
the Constitution of the United States. Thomas Fitz-
Simons of Pennsylvania was the only other Catholic
among its members. On his return to Maryland,
Carroll was by his efforts largely instrumental in
having the Constitution adopted by that State. In
opposition to the arguments of Samuel Chase, the
Anti-Federalist leader in Maryland, he wrote and
printed a public letter defending the proposed Con-
stitution, the last sentences of which read: "If there
are errors it. should be remembered that the seeds of
reformation are sown in the work itself and the con-
currence of two-thirds of the Congress may at any
time introduce alterations and amendments. Re-
garding it. then in every point of view with a candid
and disinterested mind I am bold to assert that it is
the best form of government which has ever been
offered to the world" (Maryland Journal, 16 Oct.,
1787). As one of the four laymen representing the
Catholics of the United States, his name is signed to
the address of congratulation presented to George
Washington on his election as President of the Re-
public under the Constitution.
In the sessions of the new Congress Carroll served again (1789-1791) as a member from Maryland. When the Congress, at. the session held in October, 1784, at Trenton, New Jersey, enacted that a board of three commissioners should lay out a site, between two and three miles square, on the Delaware for a federal city, to be the capital of the nation, he was named with Thomas Johnson and David Stuart as his associates. The choice of the present site of Washington was advocated by him, and he owned one of the four farms taken for it, Notley Young, David Burns, and Samuel Davidson being the others interested. The capitol was built, on the land trans- ferred to the Government by Carroll, and there is additional interest to Catholics in the fact that, in 1663, this whole section of country belonged to a man named Pope, who called it Rome. On 15 April, 1791, Carroll and David Stuart, as the official commissioners of Congress, laid the corner-stone of the District of Columbia at Jones's Point near Alexandria, Virginia. When the Congress met in Washington for the first time, in November, 1800, Carroll and Notley Young owned the only two really comfortable and imposing houses within the bounds of the city. Young's name is among those assisting as collectors of subscriptions (1787) for the founding of Georgetown College.
Shea. Life and Times of the Most Rev. John Carroll (New York, 1S88); Scharf, History of Western Maryland (Balti- more. 1882); Varncm, The Seal of Corrrnmcnt of the U. 8. (WashiiiKton. 1854); Forh. Essays on The Constitution of The r S i Brooklyn, 1892); MadisonStatl I rcbivea
of the State Department, Washington; Uazctte,
files (1791).
Thomas F. Meehan.
Carroll, John, first bishop of the hierarchy of the
United States of America, first Bishop and Arch- bishop of Baltimore, b. at Upper Marlboro, Md., 8 Jan., 1735; died in Baltimore, 3 Dee., 1815. His father. Daniel, born in Inland, settled at Upper Marl- boro, where he became a merchant, and married Eleanor Darnall. a relative of the wife of Charles Car- roll of CarroUton. She was very rich and had been well educated in France. Their first son died in in- fancy: their second. Daniel, figured prominently in Revolutionary history. John, their third son, was
