CEOLWULF
537
CERASUS
Sixtine and Clementine editions of the Bible it was
preferred to all other MSS. Samuel Berger says of it:
"It is from Northumberland that the correct texts of
the Vulgate were sent out not only throughout Italy,
tn which England was thus paying a debt, but also
throughout France. Alcuin was from York and had
been chosen by Charlemagne to correct the text of the
Bible." He was instrumental in extinguishing the
last remnants of Celtic particularism in the celebration
of Easter (q. v.).
Ceolfrid obtained from Pope Sergius I letters of immunity for his two monasteries, and had them pre- sented before a synod of English bishops in the pres- ence of King Alcfrid. tin is obtaining both royal and episcopal sanction. With the advance of years came sickness and infirmity, and he resigned his office with the intention of journeying to Rome, there to end his days. He also wished to give his brethren an oppor- tunity of "living under the direction of a younger abbot, that the example of a more active leader might inspire them with greater ardour in the pursuit of virtue". He died on this last journey at Langres, and was buried in the church of the three martyrs, Sts. Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus. His relics were afterwards transferred to Jarrow and thence, in the time of the Danish invasions, to Glastonbury.
Bede, Ecclesiastical History of England (London. 184*0). 229, 317,318, 342; Idem, Liber de vitis Abbot. Wirim:, Montalem- bert, Monks of the West, IV, xiii; Butler, Lives of the .Saints. September 25th: Wt ■ m iHi-Jottow unit Horn im 7. .lain in Der Katholik fur September, L901; Cornelt, Introd. Gen. in 8. Scripturas, I, 436: B : k. De Vhistaire de la Vulgate en Franc. I; Winn . Tie < >•,! r Imiatinvs and its Birthplace in Sludia BMica ,t EccUsiastica, II, 273-308.
G. E. Hind.
Ceolwulf (Ceolwilph or Ceolttlph), King of Northumbria and monk of Lindisfarne, date and place of birth not known; d. at Lindisfarne, 764. His ancestry is thus given by the "Anglo-Saxon Chroni- cle": "Ceolwulf was the son of Cutha, Cutha of Cuthwin, Cuthwin of Leoldwald, Leoldwald of Egwald, Egwald of Aldhelm, Aldhelm of Ocga, Ocga of Ida, Ida of Eoppa. " Harpsfeld says that he suc- ceeded Osred on the throne, but most authorities say that he was adopted as heir by Osric in 729. Learned and pious, he lacked the vigour and authority necessary for a ruler. Bede bears witness to his learning and piety in the introductory chapter of his "Ecclesiastical History". He dedicated this work "to the most glorious King Ceolwulph", sent it to him for his approval, and addresses him thus: "I cannot but commend the sincerity and zeal, with which you not only give ear to hear the words of Holy Scripture, but also industriously take care to become acquainted with tin- actions and sayings of former men of renown."
His unfitness for his duties as king prompted his subjects to seize him ami confine him in a monastery in the second year of his reign. He escaped from this confinement and reascended the throne. During his reign he appointed his cousin Egbert to be Bishop of York, and Bede tells us th.it the ecclesiastical affairs of his kingdom were presided over by the four bishops, Wilfrid, Ethelwald, Acca, and Pecthelm. After a reign of eight years lie wearied of "the splendid cares of royalty", and voluntarily resigned to become a monk at Lindisfarne (738). Mis cousin Eadbert succeeded him. Ranulphus Cestrensis speaks of his retirement to St. Bede's monastery of Jarrow, but all others agree that it was Lindisfarne-. He brought to the monastery many treasures and much land, and after his entrance the monks were first allowed to drink wine and beer, contrary to the tradition handed down from St. Aidan. who only allowed them milk or water. Henry of Huntingdon, whin enter- ing into detail with regard to his retirement, says_ he was principally urged to it by reading the writings of Bede on the lives .>f f, ,rmer kituxs who had resigned
their thrones to enter the monastic state. He was
buried in the cathedral of Lindisfarne next to the
tomb of St. Cuthbert, and, according to Malmesbury,
many miracles were wrought at his tomb. The body
was afterwards transferred to the mainland of
Northumberland, probably along with St. Cuthbert 's,
in order to preserve it from desecration at the time
of the Danish invasion. His feast day in the calendar
is the loth of January.
Bede, Ecdes. History ted. Giles), I, :j:jt, 335, 340j I Jan. 25, I; Lingarp, Hist, of England (London. 1854). I. 71. 7.'; Dixon and Raine'9 Fasti Ehorae... 94; Anglo-Saxon ' ' (ed. Giles), index; Raine, Hist, of North Durham, t;x
G. E. Hind.
Cepeda, Francisco (also called Zepeda and Ze- pedas), b. in the province of La Mancha, 1532; d. at Guatemala, 1602. He became a Dominican at the convent of Ocana, and was sent to Chiapas in Mexico. He was a very active missionary among the Indians, and when the differing modes of instructing them be- came an obstacle to their conversion, Cepeda was sent to Mexico to simplify the Indian grammars printed there, and obtain a standard for the guidance of the missionaries. In consequence of that journey, the " Artes de los idiomas Chiapanecos, Zoque, Tzendal y Chinanteco" (probably the work of several authors) was published in 1560 under his name. The book lias disappeared, but its former existence is well es- tablished, by Remesal at first, and by subsequent authors. It is the first book printed in America in four languages (five with the Spanish). The title is given variously, but the above is the correct one. Cepeda became Provincial of the Dominicans in Gua- temala, 1593, and Commissary of the Inquisition.
Remesal. [listeria general de las Indias occidenlales dkca.
(Madrid, 1619); Leon y Pini i.e. Ep I \l idi I . l :7. &ea.);
Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana /.<• i ;::;;- 17;;s ; Bebxstaxn, Bibhot'ca ct:ca. (Amecameca, lss,; ; Ycazbajj i pa, BtbHoara- fia (18S6); Pimentel, Cuadrod, . - .:■ \l, ■-., .,, 1862)
An. F. Bandelier.
Cephalonia, Diocese of. See Zante.
Ceramus, a titular see of Asia Minor. Ceramus (or Keramos) was a city of Caria, subject at first to Stratonicea, afterwards autonomous, and one of the chief cities of the Systema Chrysaorikon (Bulletin de corresp. hellen., IX, 468). In Roman times it coined its own money. It is mentioned in the "Notitia? episcopatuuin" until the twelfth or thirteenth cen- tury as suffragan to Aphrodisias, or Stauropolis. We know but three bishops: Spudasius, at Ephesus in 431; Maurianus, at Nicaea in 787; and Symeon, at the council which reinstated Photius in S79. Ceramus has preserved its old name, but. is now only a small village in the vilayet of Smyrna, on the north shore of Gueuk-Abaa bay (the Keramic Gulf), not far from the sea.
Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Geog. (London, 1878), s. v. Cerameicus.
S. Petrides.
Cerasus, a titular see of Pontus Polemoniacus in Asia Minor. Cerasus (KcpaaoCs) is remembered for the sojourn of Xenophon and his Ten Thousand on their famous retreat. It seems to have stood in the valley at a short, distance from the modern city. The latter was founded by Pharnaces, after whom it was called Pharnacia; but owing to the abundance
of cherry-trees in the country, it was soon na 1
Cerasus like the old town, and this appellation has remained. It was from Cerasus that Pompey im- ported the first cherry-trees to Rome, whence they afterwards spread through all Europe. The citv is mentioned by Pliny and i Ireek geographers, but does not appear to have been very important. It was a suffragan of Neoca2sarea (Niksar); in the eleventh century it became a metropolis, and was still extant at the end of the fifteenth century, but by the seven- teenth the see was suppressed. From the fifth to
