CHAMPNEY
56S
CHAMPOLLION
France in 1610 he married Hellene Boulle\ then a girl
only twelve years of age. According to the marriage
settlement tiie young wife remained with her parents
for two years. ' In 1620 she arrived at Quebec, and
resided in the fort until 1624. Madame Champlain
was beloved in New France, and after her husband's
death she founded the Ursuline Convent at Meaux.
In the year 1611 Champlain continued his explora- tion of the St. Lawrence. Within a short distance of Mount Royal, discovered by Jacques Cartier seventy- five years before, he found a place suitable for a future settlement, and ordered the ground to be cleared and prepared for building. La Place Rot/ale, the name given to the site by Champlain. is now in the heart of the commercial portion of the city of Montreal. The island opposite, now a popular summer resort, he named Sainte-Helene, in honour of his wife. After his return from France in 1613 he set out from Sainte- Helene with four Frenchmen and an Indian, to ex- plore the region above Sault Saint Louis. In the month of June he came in sight of the River Gatineau. the River Rideau, and the Chaudiere Falls, and went as far as Allumette Island. Two years later, on the 14th of August, 1615, he set out from Carhagouha at the head of a small band of Frenchmen to assist the Hurons against the Iroquois. The place of rendezvous was Cahiagu6. On their journey they passed by Lake Ouantaron, now known as Lake Simcoe. and proceeded by way of Sturgeon Lake. Following the River Trent they reached the Bay of Quints, where, says Champlain, "is the entrance to the grand river St. Lawrence". Crossing Lake On- tario they penetrated the woods and passed over the River Chouagen or Oswego. This journey had occu- pied five weeks, and the expedition had endured many hardships before meeting the enemy. During the skirmishes Champlain had been severely wounded in the knee by an arrow, but the pain from the wound he says "was nothing in comparison with that which I endured while I was carried, bound and pinioned, on the back of one of the savages". The Hurons were forced to retreat, and it was not until the 23d of December that the party again arrived at Cahiague. Champlain had now prepared the way for coloniza- tion in New France, but for a time his efforts were fruitless. The merchants were not disposed to assist him in developing the country, seeing that the fur trade held out prospects of large gain. After crossing the ocean several times, however, he induced a few hardy settlers of sterling merit to seek their fortune on the banks of t he Si. Lawrence. These were the real pioneers of New France. In 1629 the little set- tlement received a check, when an English fleet under three brothers named Kirke appeared before Quebec, and the fort was compelled to surrender. Under the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye Quebec was re- stored to France, and Champlain again took up his residence in the fori, where he died, after having
spent forty years of his life in the heroic endeavour to promote the religious and commercial interests of the land of his fathi re in the New World. Champlain published tin- following works: "Bref hits des choses plus remarquables que Samuel Champlain de Brouage a reconnues aux Indes ' Icci- dentales" (1598 ; " Des sauvages on voyage de Sieur ile t Jhamplain faict en l'an 1603" (Paris, s d. : " be- iges ■ I < i Sieur Champlain Xamctongeois, 1604 1613" Paris, L613); "Voyages el Descouvertures faites en la Nouvelle-France, depuis 1'annee 1615 jusques a la I'm de 1'annee 1618. Pai !•■ Sieui 'I' 1 mplain" ( Paris. 1619 i; " Les I i Nou
velle-France Occidentale, dicte Canada, faits par le Sieur de Champlain Xainctongeois, depuis l'an 1603 jusques en 1'annee 1629" I Paris, 1632); " Trait e de la marine et du n inier. Par le Sieur
deChamplain" (s.d.). In I870the Vbbei Laverdiere edited the works of Champlain in six volumes under
the title of "(Euvres de Champlain pubises sous le
patronage de 1' University Laval, par l'Abb6 C. H.
Laverdiere, M.A., professeur d'Histoire a la Faculty
des arts et Bibliothecaire de l'Universit6" (2d ed.,
Quebec, 18701. While the work was in the press the
plates were destroyed by fire and only the proof
sheets were saved. This edition does not contain the
account of the visits to Mexico and the West Indies.
The first volume has an excellent biographical sketch
of Champlain by Abbe Laverdiere. The " Voyages
du Sieur de Champlain " was published in two volumes
(Paris, 1830), and another edition in the same year
al the expense of the French Government. The
" Voyage to the West Indies and Mexico (1599-1602) "
appeared in 1859.
The literature concerning Champlain is very extensive, and only some of the best-known publications are given here. I.WEROii rf. and Casgrain, Decouverte du tombeau de Cham- plain (Quebec, 1866): Drapeau, Observations sur la brochure de .)/.)/ Laverdiere et Casgrain. Broc. Can., vol. CLIII, Library' of Parliament, Ottawa; Idem, Le journal de Quebec et le tombeau de Champlain, Broc. Can., vol. CLIII; Chavaray, Documents in- idits sur Champlain (Paris. 1875); Audiat, Brouage et Cham- plain. 157S-1667 (1879); Russell, On Champlain s Astrolabe, Found in Aug., t867 (Montreal, 1879); Dionne, Le tombeau de Champl'iin (Quebec, 18801; sketches bv Hvrlbutt (Chicago, 1885) and Dionne (Quebec, 1891, 1906); Casgrain. Cham- plain, sa vie, son caractere (Quebec. 1898); the literature which appeared at the time of the unveiling of the monument to Champlain in Quebec, 21 Dec, 1S98. such as the special num- ber of the Courrier du livre; Champlain, not Cartier . Made First ];, jFi n nee <■• Niagara Falls (1S99); Gr.wier, Champlain. sa vie (Paris and Toronto, 19001; Sedgewick in Riverside Biog. Ser. Bn=t.,n em 1 , Diow-i in The Uaken of Canada (Toronto, 19051; Corbeil, Champlain et Maisonneuve: Dix, The Founder of A - »• France (New York. 19031.
Arthur G. Doughty.
Champney, Anthony, controversialist, born in England c. 1569; died there c. 1643. He studied at Reims (1590) and Rome (1593). As priest he was imprisoned at Wisbech, and was active against the Jesuits, acting later for the Appellant Clergy in Rome (1602). Afterwards he was appointed president of the English College of Arras near Paris, becoming doctor of theology and Fellow of the Sorbonne. He was vice-president of Douai College, from 1619 to 1625, and from 1628 till he returned to England, where he died some time after 1643. He published: "An Answer to a Letter of a Jesuited Gentleman" (1601); "A Manual of Controversies" (1614): "A Treatise of the Vocation of Bishops" (1616); "Mr. Pilkington his Parallela Disparalled" (1620 1 : "An Answer to a Pamphlet (by D. Featley) intituled, 'The Fisher catched in his owne Net'" (1623): "A Defence of the Appendix to the Antidote" (before 1624); "Legaturn Fratribus suis Cleri Anglieani Saeerdotibus Testa- mento relictum" (in Bishop Smith's "Monita"). His "History of Queen Elizabeth" is still in manu- script. Formerly, as stated by Gillow. Cooper. Knox, etc., it « as preserved in the archives of the Old Chap- ter, but since 1S79 has been restored to Westminster Archives, to which it belonged ; there are also some other works in manuscript.
I I o„,lon, 17371. III. SI; USS. in
British Museum. X.ldit USS , 1S393. 1S394; Gillow. Bibl. Diet. Eng. Cath.. I, 462; Cooper in Diet. Mat. Biog., X. 35. Edwin Burton.
Champollion, Jean-Francois (called The Youngeb to distinguish him from his elder brother. Champol- lion-Figeac), Trench Orientalist, born at Figeac, 1 ot, 23 He,-.. 1790; died in Paris. 4 March. 1S32. While still young, he studied Hebrew. Syriac Fthiopic. and Arabic, to which he added later on. Persian. Sanskrit, and in particular Cootie. His special Held of activity was Egyptology, and his great glory is to havi ered the key for the understanding of the hieroglyphs.
In 1807 he tend bet,. r. the \eademy of Grenoble an introduction to the geography of Egypt under the Pharaohs, which he published in 1811. This was in- tended as the introduction to a complete description of Egypt under the Pharaohs. The publication of the main work was begun in 1814 under the title
