CHIETI
659
CHILDREN
German city, and renewed in an offensive manner the
earlier antipapal complaints of the Germans, the
famous Centum (101) gravamina teutonicse na-
tionis"; Pastor adds (op. cit. 97) that the failure of
Chieregati was in large measure owing to the timidity
and selfishness of the great German prelates who
were by no means ready to repeat the humble confes-
sion of the noble-hearted pope. The latter has often
been blamed for his frankness (see remarks of Palla-
vicino in Hergenrother-Kirsch), but Pastor (p. 94)
defends him both from exaggeration of facts and
from untimeliness of speech. His unique and heroic
admissions were necessary, says this writer, in the in-
terest of a genuine reformation, nor was this remark-
able Instruction made public without papal approval.
The subsequent history of Chieregati offers little in-
Pastor, '.'■ I ' I " liburg, 1007). IV, pt. II, 88-97;
Wensino, Papst Hadrian (Vienna, 1880), VI; Morsolin, Fran-
\ hen i. 1 S7.< i ; H.vRBAKANO, Hist. ErcL di
Viccttza i.il.iil. ITi'iit 1 ; 1'ortioli, Quaitrc documenli d'lnghillerra
(Mantua, 1S6S); Hkii'.kvhi.i hku-Kiksch, Kirchcnge.srhichtc (4tb ed., Freiburg, 1907), III, pt. I, 46.
Thomas J. Shah an.
Chieti, Archdiocese of (Theatensis), with the perpetual administration of Vasto. Chieti is the ancient Teate. capital of the Marrucini, and now an important town of the Abruzzi, Central Italy. It is situated on a mountain, at the base of which runs the River Pescara. Though tin' .Marrucini, like the Marsi and other kindred people, were originally ene- mies of Rome, in 'HI B.C. they concluded a league with the Romans, which lasted until the War with the Allies, when Teate became a municipality. In the Gothic War it was captured by Totila; later it fell into Is of the Lombards, from whom it was captured by Pepin and devastated. The Normans rebuilt the city, which thenceforth belonged to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. St. Justinus is venerated as the first Bishop of Chieti, and the cathedral is dedicated to him. Several of his successors are also venerated as saints, among them Gribaldus (S74), whose por- trait is yet visible mi the bronze doors of the monas- tery of St. Clement in the Island of Pescara. An- other bishop worthy of notice was Giovanni Pietro Caraffa, who in 1524 resigned the see, and associated himself with St. < ajetan of Tiene in the foundation of the Theatine Order. Later Caraffa became pope under the name of Paul IV. Since 1525 Chieti has ii archbishopric, but has no suffragans. The archdioo e hs a population of 300,500, with 113 parishes, 442 churches ami chapels, 170 secular and
- religious houses of men and 17
of women.
Cum- ,/ //.,,' i ,-, XXI, 95; Ann.eccl. (Rome,
I '.M)7 l, 396-98. (J. l'.KNIGNI.
Chihuahua, Diocese op, in the north of Mexico, comprises the State of Chihuahua, with a population of about 327,000, mostly Indians and mestisos. The e was erected in I s 'ii . and lias had two bishops: Jose de J, Ortiz, promoted to the archbishopric of Guadalajara, and Nicolas Perez Gavilan. There are 42 parishes, lit churches and chapels, and a seminary with 50 seminarists.
Battandif.h. Ann. pant, rath. (Paris, 1907), 222; Heili'Rin in Lippincotl's Co.- PI lis Ii Iphia, 1907), 402.
.1. MuMi.s de Oca y Obregon.
Chilapa. Dio< bsi op, in Mexico, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Mexico, comprises the State of Guer- rero, in the south of Mexico. The diocese was created in 1863, since which time it has had three bishops: Ambrosia Serrano, Ramon Ibarra, and Bomobono Anaya. The population (all Catholic) is 361,239. There are 64 parishes and 'J I priests, The episcopal city of Chilapa, about 125 mile- south-west of Mexico had in 1S95 a population of S25<i.
BaTTaMDIEB, .Inn. poni rati,, r Paris, 1907), 222.
J. Montes de Oca y Obregon.
Child-Birth. See Abortion; Pregnancy.
Children of Mary.— The Sodality of Children of Mary Immaculate owes its origin to the manifestation of the Virgin Immaculate of the Miraculous Medal, on which the Church has placed a seal, by appointing the twenty-seventh of November as the feast. This mani- festation was made to Sister Catherine Laboured a novice in the mother-house of the Daughters of Char- ity in Paris, in 1830. Associations were formed, by way of trial, in various houses, and a rescript of 20 June, 1847, to Very Rev. John Baptist Etienne, Su- perior General of the Mission, empowered him to erect in each house of the Sisters of Charity a pious confra- ternity, dedicated to Mary Immaculate, made up of young girls attending their schools or work-rooms. This same rescript also granted to this association, not by affiliation but directly, the same indulgences as are enjoyed by the Prima Primnria of the Society of Jesus. Three years later the sovereign pontiff ex- tended a similar favour to the youths educated by the Priestsof the Lazarists, and to the little bo}'s under the charge of the Sisters of Charity. The Brief of Pius IX, 10 September, 1876, permitted the admission into this association of young girls not attending the schools or work-rooms of the Sisters of Charity. Leo XIII confirmed these privileges by the Briefs of 21 Mav, 1897, 2 August, 1897, and 29 April, 1903. The badge adopted by the Children of Mary Immaculate is the miraculous medal, suspended from a blue rib- bon. The statistics of 1897 gave one hundred thou- sand living members throughout the world, four hundred thousand having been registered from the date of the first canonical erection, in Paris, 19 July, 1847. From the same date to 1908, forty thou- sand have been registered in the institutions of the Daughters of Charity in the United States alone.
Aladel, Miraculous Medal, tr. P. S. (Baltimore, 1S80); Chevalier, Circular to Children of Mart/ (Paris, lsllT ' ; MlLON, Annals Cong. Mission. XII, 22; .Mott, Annals Cong. Mission, XII, 189.
Frances Gildart Ruffin.
Children of Mary of the Sacred Heart, the. — A Sodality of the Blessed Virgin, founded by the Venerable Mother Barat of the Society of the Sacred Heart, in the Paris school about. 1818, almost simul- taneously with the convent itself. Fat her Varin drew up its rules. It had from the first, its laws, feasts, privileges and duties, its directors, president .and other dignitaries. The most fervent among the elder girls were enrolled. The principal end which the members proposed to themselves, was to love and serve the Immaculate Heart, of Mary, by imitating her virtues, above all her fortitude and spotless purity. The lily was the first emblem of the socialists, and "Semper Fidelis" their motto. In 1824 their medal was struck, and from an essay by on.' ..i them, Hose de Joigny, the inscription on it, "Cor meum jungatur vobis", was chosen. The remarkable fresco of Mater Admirabilis at the Trinitu dei Monti in Home is the sensible representation of the spirit of the sodality. By thus placing the ideal of true womanhood I the future wives and mothers of the next generation. Mother Barat sought to lay the foundation of many noble Christian homes.
This beginning led to a work of wider scope and even greater importance. As years advanced, Mother Barat longed to do something more towards securing a higher tone among women. She « rote in 1831: "How rare it is to meet a valiant woman! It must be so, because Holy Wril says: 'Far and from the uttermost coasts is the price thereof; Let us labour then to form some at any COSt. They will form others and good will come of it."
When Mother Barat visited Lyons in 1832, the mis- tress general of the school had lately established an association composed originally of the former pupils of the Sacred Heart, but afterwards joined by other
