CHINA
686
CHINA
32,2S5,377 (weighing 54,225 piculs); cotton goods,
tls. 152,727,S45; woollen and cotton mixtures, tls.
2,269,812; woollen goods, tls. 4,382,958; miscellane-
ous piece goods, tls. 3,062,711; copper, iron, steel,
etc., tls. 17,289,855; cigarettes, tls. 5,846,781;
tls. 408,081; fish and fishery products, tls.
8,125,721; flour, tls. 6,295,753; matches, tls. 5,139,-
80S; machinery, tls. 5,730,221 ; medicines, tls. 2,137,-
134, etc. The chief exports are: beancake, tls. 7,-
064,108: beans, tls. 3,158,394; bristles, tls. 2,756,-
262; camphor, tls. 1,310,791; cattle, tls. 3,357,924;
cotton, tls. 11,631,138; fire-crackers, tls. 3,585,-
7:;:'.: mattimr, tls. 3,064,458; medicines, tls. 2,430,-
322; raw white silk, tls. 16,485,481; steam filature
raw white silk, tls. 29,614,449; yellow silk, tls. 3,214,-
873; wild silk, tls. 6,372,970; silk cocoons, tls. 1,089,-
872; silk waste, tls. 3,208,162; silk cocoons, refuse,
tls. 4.50,254; silk piece goods, tls. 8,474,750; Shan-
tung pongees, tls. 1,279,104; silk products, un-
classed, tls., 1,105,610; undressed skins and hides of
cows and buffalos, tls. 5,491,908; of horses, asses,
and mules, tls. 5,129; of goats, tls. 4,382,138; sheep,
tls. 176,567; unclassed, tls. 33,509; straw braid, tls.
8,650,861; vegetable tallow, tls. 1,057,401; black
tea, tls. 12,252,518; green tea, tls. 7,645,121; black
brick tea, tls. 4,392,064; green brick tea, tls. 2,083,-
641; tea tablet, tls. 254,958; tea dust, tls. 1028;
sheep's wool, tls. 4,847,015; chinaware, tls. 1,579,-
204, etc. In 1906, S7.949 steamers (70,117.628
tons), and 120,598 sailing vessels (5,702,260 tons),
in all 208,547 vessels (75,819,888 tons) entered and
cleared Chinese ports, of which Chinese shipping
vessels (foreign type) numbered 45,847 (12,212,373
tons), Chinese junks 93,457 (3,974,378 tons), British
28,192 (33,450,560 tons), Japanese 25,108 (11,376,430
tons), French 5514 (3,125,749 tons), German 6315
(7,477,518 tons), American 582 (1,351,200 tons),
Norwegian 1978 (1,616,460 tons), Portuguese 976
(183,908 tons), Danish 108 (172,826 tons), Swedish
75 (65,992 tons), etc.
Treaty Ports. — I. Northern Ports :(1) New-chwang, Sheng-king province, Manchuria, in accordance with British Treaty of T'ien-tsin, 1S58; custom office opened 9 May, 1864 ; Chinese population 74,000. (2) Ching-wang-tao, Chi-li, in accordance with imperial decree, 31 March, 1898; opened 15 Dec, 1901; Chinese population, 5,000. (3) T'ien-tsin, Chi-li, in accordance with British and French Peking Con- ventions, I860, opened May. 1861; Chinese popula- tion, 750,000. (4) Che-fu, Shan-tung, in accordance with British and French treaties of T'ien-tsin, 1S58; opened March, 1862; Chinese population, 100,000.
(5) Kiao-chou, Shan-tung, German Convention, 6 March, 1898; opened 1 July, 1899. II. Yang-tze Ports:
(6) Ch'ung-k'ing, Sze-ch'wan; opened Nov., 1890; Chinese population, 702,000. (7) I-ch'ang, Hu-pe, in accordance with Che-fu Convention, 1S76; opened 1 April, 1877; Chinese population, 50,000. (8) Sha shi« Hu-pe, Treaty of Shimoneseki, 1895; opened I ( let., L896; Chinese population, 85,000. (9) Chang- sha, Hu-nan; opened 1 July, 1904; Chinese popu- lation, 230,000. (10) Yo-chou, Hu-nan, imperial decree of Ml March, 1898; opened 13 Nov., 1899; Chinese population, 20,000. (11) Han-kou, Hu-pe, provincial regulations, 1861; opened Jan., 1862; Chinese population, 530,000. (12) Kiu-kiang, Kiang- si; same regulations; opened Jan., 1862; Chinese population, ;i6,ooo. (13) Wu-hu, Ngan-hwei, Che-fu
ation, L876; opened 1 April, 1S77; Chinese
123,000. .Ill Nan-king, Kiang-su,
[reatj of Tientsin. 1858; opened 1 May,
l899;Chine e population, 261,000. (15) Chin-kiang,
i. British Treaty, 1858; opened April. L861 ;
■ population, 170,000. 111. Central Ports
Ki i. \ in king Treat) . 18 12;
ii i illy 17 No\ .. L843; Chinese popu- lation, 651,000. (17) Su-chou, Kiang-su, Shimon-
oseki Treaty; opened 26 Sept., 1896; Chinese popu-
lation, 500,000. (18) Hang-chou, Che-kiang, Shi-
monoseki Treaty; opened 26 Sept., 1896; Chinese
population, 350,000. (19) Ning-po, Che-kiang, Nan-
king Treaty, 1842; opened May, 1861; Chinese popu-
lation, 260,000. (20) Wen-chou, Che-kiang, Che-fu
Convention, 1876; opened April, 1877 ; Chinese popu-
lation, 80,000. IV. South Coast Ports: (21) San-tuao,
Fu-kien, imperial decree of 31 March, 189S; opened
1 May, 1S99; Chinese population, 8000. (22) Fu-
chou, Fu-kien, Nan-king Treaty, 1S42; opened July,
1861; Chinese population, 624,000. (23) Amoy,
Fu-kien, Nan-king Treaty, 1842; opened April,
1862; Chinese population, 114,000. (24) Swatow,
Kwang-tung, English, French, and American Trea-
ties of T'ien-tsin, 1858; opened Jan., 1S60; Chinese
population, 65,000. (25) Canton, Kwang-tung, Nan-
king Treaty, 1842; opened Oct., 1859; Chinese popu-
lation, 900,000. (26) Kow-loon, Kwang-tung; opened
April, 1887; (27) Lappa, Kwang-tung; opened 27
June, 1871; (28) Kong-moon, Kwang-tung; opened
7 March, 1904; Chinese population, 55,000. (29)
San-shui, Kwang-tung, Anglo-Chinese Convention,
4 Feb., 1897; opened 4 June, 1897; Chinese popula-
tion, 5000. (30) Wu-chou, Kwang-si, same conven-
tion; opened 4 June, 1897; Chinese population,
59,000. (31) Kiung-chou (Hoi-hou), Kai-nan. Kwang-
tung, French and English Treaties of T'ien-tsin,
1858; opened April, 1S76; Chinese population,
38,000. (32) Pak-hoi, Kwang-tung, Che-fu Conven-
tion, 1S76; opened April, 1877; Chinese population,
20,000. V. Frontier Ports: (33) Lung-chou, Kwang-
si, French Treaty, 26 June, 1887; opened 1 June,
1899; Chinese population, 12,000. (34) Meng-tze,
Yun-nan, French Treaty, 18S7; opened 30 April,
1889; Chinese population, 15,000. (35) Sze-mao,
Yun-nan, French Convention, 1895; British, 1896;
opened 2 Jan., 1897; Chinese population, 15,000.
(36) Teng-yueh or Momein, Yun-nan, Convention of
4 Feb., 1897; opened 8 May, 1902; Chinese popula-
tion, 10,000. (37) Ya-tung, Tibet; opened 1 May,
1894.
As yet, Nan-ning, Kwang-si, opened by imperial decree, 3 Feb., 1899, has not a custom office. Ac- cording to the customs statistics (1906), 6,917,000 Chinese inhabit the treaty ports. The foreign popu- lation include 1837 firms and 38,597 persons (Ameri- cans 3447, British 9256, Japanese 15,548, French 2189, Germans 1939, Portuguese 3184, Italians 7N6, Spaniards 3S9, Belgians 297, Austrians 236, Russians 273, Danes 209, Dutch 225, Brazilians 16, Koreans 47, Norwegians 185, Swedes 135, subjects of non-treaty powers 236).
Railways. — The first railroad was built in 1876, from Wu-sung to Shanghai, but was purchased by the Chinese and taken by them to Formosa in 1877. The following is a list of the railways completed and under construction at the end of 19011: in Manchuria (1) from Irkutsk through Manchuria, Harbin, Po- granichaya to Vladivostock, 925 miles; (2) from Harbin to Kwang-cheng-tze (not completed), 117 miles; (3) from Kwang-cheng-tze through Mukden, Sinmin-fu, Liao-yang, New-chwang, Talien, to Port Arthur, 4S1 miles (in addition to 36 miles under construction); (4) from Mukden to Antung marrow gauge), 187 miles under const met ion; (5) from Kow- pangtzetoSin-min-fu, 70 miles. Chi-li and Manchuria: Peking through T'ien-tsin, Shan-hai-kwan, Kew- pang-tze, to New-chwang, 600 miles. Chi-li: Peking to Tung-chou, 13 miles. Chi li and Mongolia: Peking through Nan-kou, to Kalgan, 33 miles (in addition to 92 miles under construction'). ( 'hi-li. llo-uan. and Hu-pe: Peking, through Pao-ting-fu, Cheng-ting, Wei hwei, Cheng-chouto Han-kou, 754 miles, llo-uan: Tao-kou, through Wei-hwei, to Ching-hwa, 93 miles. Chi li and Shan-si: Cheng-ting to Tai-yuan-fu. 87 miles (in addition to 68 under construction)- Ilo-nan:
