BUNDERIUS
59
BUONARROTI
Bunderius (Van den Bundere), Joannes, Flemish
theologian and controversialist, b. of distinguished
parents at Ghent in 1482; d. there 8 January, 1557.
He entered the Dominican Order in his native city
about 1500, and after having made his religious
profession was sent to Louvain to pursue his studies
in philosophy and theology. He obtained the degree
of Lector in Sacred Theology, and in 1517 returned
to Ghent, where, until near the close of his life, he
taught philosophy and theology. While occupied
in teaching he tilled the office of prior of the convent
of Ghent throe times (1529-35; 1550-53), and dis-
charged the duties of General Inquisitor of the Diocese
of Tournai. As inquisitor he was untiring in his
efforts to check the spread of the errors that were
being disseminated by Lutherans, Calvinists, and
Mennonites; but always used prudence in his dealings
with heretics. Long training in the schools and the
experience he had gained as professor of theology
fitted him exceptionally well to explain and de-
fend Catholic doc-
trine, and to detect
and expose the errors
of heretical teaching.
While prior of the
convent of Ghent for
die first time, he form-
ed a federation of re-
ligious orders in that
city for the safeguard-
ing of the faith of
the people and for
the preservation of
the rights of the
Church and the priv-
ileges of the orders.
In recognition of his
ability as a preacher
and as a reward for
his long labours in the
pulpit a general chap-
ter of his order con-
ferred upon him the
degree of Preacher
General. Of his writ-
ings, which are neaily
all of a polemical char-
acter, the most worthy
of note are: (^"Com-
pendium dissidii quor-
umdam hereticorum
at que theologorum"
(Paris, 1540-43,1545);
C-'i "Compendium
concert at ionis hujus
sa'culi sapientium et
theologorum" (Paris,
1549; Venice, 1553, etc). After the author's death
tins work was frequently published under the title:
"Compendium rerum tlieologarum, qua? hodie in eon-
troversiaagitantur"; (3) " Detect io nugarum Lutheri
cum dcclaratione veritatis Catholics (Louvain, 1551 );
(4) "De Vero Christi baptismo contra Mcnnonem
Anabaptistarum principe (Louvain, 1553).
Ill .lo\<.to, H'l,juim Ditminiriiv.um (Brussels. 1719), 72; Echard. Script. Ord. PrTd., II, 160; Paqcot, Mhntrircs pour sirnr a rhistoire des Paye-Bas (Louvain. 17<',.",). 1,391.
A. L. McMahon.
Buonarroti, Michelangelo, Italian sculptor, painter, and architect, b. at Caprese in the valley of the upper Arno. fi March, 1475; d. at Rome, 18 Feb- ruary, 1564. Michelangelo, one of the greatest artists of all times, came from a noble Florentine family of small means, and in 1488 was apprenticed to Domenico Ghirlandajo. While apprentice, he excited the admiration of his master by the life-like animation of his drawings, and upon Ghirlandajo's
Michelangelo Buonarroti
recommendation, and at the wish of Lorenzo the
Magnificent, he received further training (1489-92)
in the palace of the Medici, at the school of sculpture
then under the direction of Bertoldo, one of Do-
natello's pupils. As student and resident of the
palace, Michelangelo lived with Lorenzo's sons in
the most distinguished society of Florence, and at
this time was introduced by the poet Politian into
the circle of the scholars of the Academy and to
their learned pursuits. Meanwhile, Michelangelo
was studying with marked success the frescoes in
the Brancacci chapel. After Lorenzo's death he
passed his time partly at home, partly at the mon-
asti iy of Santo Spirito, where be busied himself
with anatomical studies, and partly in the house of
I'ietro de' Medici, who, however, was banished in
1491. About the same time Michelangelo left Flor-
ence for Bologna. He returned in 1495, and began
to work as a sculptor, taking as his model the works
of his predecessors and the masterpieces of classical
a n t iquity, without,
however, sacrificing
his individuality. In
1496 he went to Rome,
whither his fame had
preceded him, and re-
mained there work-
ing as a sculptor until
1501. Returning to
Florence, he occupied
himself with his paint-
ing and sculpture un-
til 1505, when Pope
Julius II called him
tu enter his service.
After this, Michelan-
gelo was employed al-
ternately in Rome and
Florence by Julius and
his successors, Leo X,
Clement VII, and Paul
III being his special
patrons. In 1534,
shortly after the death
of his father, Michel-
angelo left Florence,
never to return. The
further events of his
life are closely con-
nected with his ar-
tistic labours. Some
weeks alter his death
his body was brought
bark tu Florence, and
a few months later a
stalely memorial serv-
ice was held in the
church of San Lorenzo. His nephew, Leonardo
Buonarroti, erected a monument over his tomb in
Santa Croce, fur which Vasari, his well-known pupil
and biographer, furnished the design, and Duke
Cosimo de' Medici the marble. The three arts are
represented as mourning over the sarcophagus, above
which is a niche containing a bust of Michelangelo.
A monument was erected to his memory in 1 he church
of the Santi Apostoli, at Rome, representing him
as an artist in working garb, with an inscription:
Tanto nomini nullum }>ar elogium. (No praise is
sufficient lor so meat a man |
Michelangelo was a man of a many-sided character, independent and persistent in his views and his endeavours, His most striking characteristic was a sturdy determination, guided by a lofty ideal. Untiring, he worked until far advanced in years, at the cost of great personal sacrifices. He was not, however, unyielding to the point of obstinacy. His productions in all departments of art show the
