CIDYESSUS
770
CIGNANI
best opinion places the poem a half-century earlier.
Among those who tliink it was written as early as the
middle of the twelfth century are many eminent Span-
ish and foreign scholars, including Sanchez, the first
editor of the poem, Capmany, Quintana, Gil y Zarate,
Bouterwek, Sismondi, Schlegel, Huber, and Wolf.
The learned Amador de los Rios, whose opinion carries
great weight, thinks that the famous poem must have
been written prior to 1157. Though based upon his-
torical facts, the "Poema del Cid" is to a very large
extent legendary. Its theme is twofold, the adven-
tures of the exiled Cid and the mythical marriage of
his two daughters to the Counts of Carrion. The
first few pages are missing, and what remains opens
abruptly with the banishment of the Cid by King Al-
fonso, and ends with a slight allusion to the hero's
death. But the story it tells is not its chief claim to
our consideration. The poem deserves to be read
for its faithful pictures of the manners and customs
of the day it represents. It is written with Homeric
simplicity and in the language of the day, the language
the Cid himself used, which was slowly divorcing it-
self from the Latin, but was still only half developed.
The versification is rather crude and ill-sustained.
The prevailing metre is the Alexandrine or fourteen-
syllabled verse with a csesural pause after the eighth;
but the lines often run into sixteen or even twenty
syllables, and sometimes stop at twelve or ten. This,
however, may be partly due to careless copying.
The adventures of the Cid have furnished mate- rial for many dramatic writers, notably to Guillen de Castro, the eminent Valencian poet and drama- tist of the early seventeenth century, whose master- piece, "Las Mocedades del Cid " earned him whatever reputation he enjoyed outside of Spain. This latter work, in turn, furnished the basis for Corneille's brilliant tragedy, " Le Cid", which, according to Ticknor, did more than any other drama to deter- mine for two centuries the character of the theatre all over the continent of Europe. Among other works dealing with the life and adventures of the Cid are: (1) "La Legenda de las Mocedades de Rodrigo", or "La Cronica Rimada", as it is some- times called. This work has been thought to be even older than the "Poema del Cid" by some critics, among them so eminent an authority as Amador de los Rios. (2) "La Cronica General 6 Estoria de Espaiia", written by Alfonso the Wise. (3) "La Cr6nica del Cid", the manuscript of which was found in the very place where the Cid lies buried, the monastery of San Pedro de Cardena. Its author and the time of its appearance are unknown.
Sanchez, Poesias Castcllanas Antcriores at Siijlo XV (Ma- drid, 1779-90), reprinted by Ochoa (Paris, 1S42); Quintana. Vidas de Esparioles Celebris (Madrid, 1807); Southky. Chron- icle of the Cid (London, 1S0S); Duran, Romanecro C< neral (Madrid. 1828-52); Dennis. The Cid (London. 1845); Tick- nor, History of Spanish Literature (New York. 1849); Hi IION, Cours de Lilterature (Paris, 1891).
Ventura Fuentes.
Cidyessus, a titular see of Asia Minor. It was a city of some importance, west of Ammonia in Wesl Central Phrygia, in the territory of the Setchanli Ova, Mouse Plain; this large and fertile valley projects far into Phrygia Salutaris, but the city belonged to Phrygia Pacatiana. Its site has been determined by an inscription found at the little village of Ghieuktche' Euyuk, west of Afium Kara Hissar. in t he vilayet of Brusa. The old native name may have been Kydes- sos, though it is Kidyessos on coins. Lequien (I, 801) mentions only three bishops: Heraclius in 451. An- dreas in 7S7, and Thomas in 879. The sec is still mentioned in later "Notitiae episcopatuum " until the twelfth or thirteenth centuries as a suffragan of Laodicea.
Rapet, En Phrygie (TurK 1895), 113; Ramsay, Hist. Geogr. of Asm Minor (London. 18901, 139, 151, 168.
S, PhTIUDES.
Cienfuegos, Diocese of (Centumfocensis), in
eludes all the Province of Santa Clara in the centra
part of Cuba, has an area of 9,560 square miles, am
(census of 1899) a population of 356,536; 317,24
native Cubans; 28,398 Spaniards; 10,895 of othe
nationalities. The diocese, which had previous!
formed part of that of Havana, was erected by Arcl)
bishop Chapelle, of New Orleans, acting as /ipostoli
Delegate, in virtue of the Brief "Actum praeclare'
of Leo XIII (20 February, 1903), but was admirj
istered by the Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba unti
31 May, 1904, when its first bishop, Fray Aureli
Torres y Sanz, O. C. D., took possession.
Missions were established in the cities of Trinida' and Sancti Spiritus, in this part of Cuba, during th sixteenth century, under Franciscans, who preache to the aborigines and continued to keep the spiri of religion alive among the colonists, until the es pulsion of the religious orders by the Spanish Govern ment in 1835. Numberless religious endowment witnessed to the piety of the inhabitants, especiall during the eighteenth century, when Catholic fei vour reached its highest pitch; but by far th greater part of these were in time confiscated b; successive Spanish governors. On taking posses sion of his newly-erected see, the first care of th Bishop of Cienfuegos was to introduce order into th ecclesiastical administration, which had suffered st verely from the civil troubles between 1868 an 1895, many of the church buildings having been irrep arably ruined.
Santa Clara is an essentially agricultural district There are numerous sugar mills, and the province i well supplied with railroads. Most of the immi gration is Spanish. Although the vast majorit of the inhabitants are Catholics, it is impossibl to obtain contributions for the support of religio from a populace whose faith and morals have bee impaired by years of political turmoil. The Cubans moreover, have for generations been accustomed t a Church supported by the State. On the other banc while indifferentism and Freemasonry are rife, Prot estantism, although represented by several denoir inations, has few adherents.
The diocese contains 38 parishes, but of the pare chial clergy only eleven are native Cubans. Th religious and charitable institutions at Cienfuego are: Monserrat College, under the Jesuit Fathers 20 religious, 159 pupils; Bartolome' de las Casa College, Dominican Fathers, 11 religious, 100 pupils French College, 6 Marist Brothers, with 80 pupils College of the Apostolate, 8 Sisters of the Apostolat of the Sacred Heart, with 83 pupils; Huerfanas de 1 Patria, an orphanage conducted by the Daughters c the Rosary, 27 boarders and 54 day-scholars; Congrt gation of the Servants of Mary, for the care of the sic in their own homes, 8 sisters and 43 girl pupils in th free school; 9 Little Sisters of the Poor, with 62 it mates of their home for the aged. At Santa Clai there is the College of Saint Paul of the Cross, Passior ists, 1U religious and 62 pupils; College of the Love c i iod, ii Sisters of the Love of God, with 56 girl pupils At Trinidad the "Liceo Trinitario" is under the d: rection of a Father of the Order of Discalced I !armel ites. The few native Cubans in this diocese who fat called to the priesthood either make their studies a the seminary of the Diocese of Havana or ente religious orders.
Catholic Directory (Milwaukee, 1908); Battandier, Am point, ealli. (Paris, 190o).
Cignani, Carlo, b. 1628, the most distinguishe of three Bolognese painters of the same nami was a count and belonged to a noble family; h was the pupil of Albani and perhaps the most celt brated OI the students, but at the same time he wa strongly influenced by the teaching of the Carracci an
