DOYLE
151
DOYLE
occurs in the responsoria throughout the Office, with a
variable answer (the second part of the first verse)
instead of "Sicut erat," the whole doxology after the
"Deus in adjutorium," and in the preces at Prime; and
again, this time as one verse, at the end of the invita-
torium at Matins. At all these places it is left out in
the Office for the Dead and at the end of Holy Week.
The Gloria Patri is also constantly used in extra-
liturgical services, such as the Rosary. It was a
common custom in the Middle Ages for preachers to
end sermons with it. In some countries, Germany
especially, people make the sign of the cross at the
first part of the doxology, considering it as chiefly a
profession of faith.
Ermelius, Dissertatio historica de veteri christiand So^oAo-yi'o (1684); Schmidt, De insignib-us veteribus christianis formulis (1696); A Seelen, Commentarius ad doxoloniw solemnis Gloria Patri verba: Sicut erat in principio in his Xliscellan-ea (1732); Bona, Rerum liturgicarum libri duo (Cologne, 1674), II, 471; Thalhofer, Handbuch der kath. Liturgik, I. 490 sq.; Idem in Augsburger Pastoralblatt (1863), 289 sq.; Rietschel, Lehrhuch der Liturgik, I, 355 sq.; Kraus, Real-Encyk., I, 377 sq.
Adrian Fortescue.
Doyle, James Warren, Irish bishop; b. near New Ross, County Wexford, Ireland, 1786; d. at Carlow, 18.34. He belonged to a family, respect- able but poor, and received his early education at Clonleigh, at Rathconrogue, and later at the Augus- tinian College, New Ross. Shortly after 1800 he joined the Augustinian Order and was sent to Coimbra in Portugal, and there, at the imiversity, first mani- fested his great intellectual powers. In the univers- ity library he read everything, Voltaire and Rousseau among the rest. As a consequence his faith became unsettled; but his vigorous intellect soon asserted itself, and subsequently he became the fearless cham- pion of the Church in which he was born. During the French invasion he did sentry work at Coimbra, and accompanied the English to Lisbon as interpreter, and such was the impression he made at the Portu- guese Court that he was offered high emplojTnent there. He declined the offer, however, and, returning to Ireland in 1808, was ordained priest the following year. Then for eight years he taught logic at the Augustinian College, New Ross. In 1817 he became professor at Carlow College, and two years later the priests of Kildare and Leighlin placed him dignissimus for the vacant see. Their choice was approved at Rome, and thus, in 1819, Doyle became bishop. At that date the effects of the Penal Laws were still visi- ble in the conduct of the Catholics. Even the bishops, as if despairing of equality and satisfied with subjec- tion, often allowed Protestant bigotry to assail with impunity their country and creed. Tliis attitude of timidity and acquiescence was little to Dr. Doyle's taste, and over the signature of "J. K. L." (James, Kildare and Leighlin) he vigorously repelled an attack made on the Catholics by the Protestant Archbishop of Dublin. He also published an extremely able
?amphlet on the religious and civil principles of the rish Catholics; and a series of letters on the state of Ireland, in which the iniquities of the Church Estab- lishment, the exactions of the landlords, the corrupt administration of justice were lashed with an unspar- ing hand. The clearness of style, the skilful marshal- ling of facts, the wide range of knowledge astonished all. And not less remarkable was his examination before two Parliamentary committees in London. Seeing his readiness and resource, the Duke of Well- ington remarked that Doyle examined the committees rather than was examined by them. He joined the Catholic Association, and when O'Conncll was about to contest Clare, Doyle addressed him a public letter hoping "that the God of truth and justice would be with him". After Emancipation these two great men frequently disagrec-d, but on the tithe question they were in accord, and Doyle's exhortation to the people to hate tithes as much as they loved justice
became a battle-cry in the tithe war. Meantime
nothing could exceed the bishop's zeal in his diocese.
He established confraternities, temperance societies,
and parish libraries, built churches and schools, con-
ducted retreats, and ended many abuses which had
survived the penal times. He also waged unsparing
and incessant war on secret societies. He died young,
a martyr to faith and zeal.
FITZPATRICK, Life and Times of Dr. Doyle (Dublin, 1890); MacDonagh, Bishop Doyle (London, 1896): O'Connell, Cor- respondence (London, 1888); Letters on the Slate of Ireland, fcj, J. K. L. (Dublin, 1825); Evidence Taken Before the Select Com- mittee of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 182U-5 (London, 1825).
E. A. D'Alton.
Doyle John, b. in Dublin, Ireland, 1797; d. in London, 2 Jan., 1868; English portrait-painter and caricaturist. This clever artist studied under Gabri- elli, and Comerford, the miniature-painter. He came to London in 1821 and started as a portrait-painter, but gave his attention to drawing caricatures in 1827 or 1828, and developed his well-known signature, "H. B.", by means of two sets of initials "J. D." placed one above the other. In 1829 he commenced his famous series of drawings which he continued to produce until 1851, caricaturing in brilliant style all the political movements of the day. His drawings differ completely from the caricatiu'es which preceded them, notably those of Rowlandson and Gillray, inas- much as they are marked by reticence, courtesy, and a sense of good breeding. They are extraordinarily clever and at times stinging in their bitter epigram- matic quality; but Thackeray under-estimated their power when he spoke of them as "genteel" and said that they would " only produce a smile and never a laugh". There are some six hundred of them in the British Musemn, and taken altogether they form a most interesting and graphic representation of the political history of England of the time. Doyle re- tired from professional work seventeen years before his death. He preserved his incognito to the very last and few people were aware of the fact that the initials on the caricatures formed his signature. He produced several pencil sketches of well-known per- sonages and made use of his studies in this way in his caricatures, but the sketches themselves constitute in several instances the most life-like representations of the persons in question which exist.
KvERiTT, English Caricaturists (1886); Paget, Puzzles (1874); BiNYON, Drawings in the British Museum (1900); DoBsoN in Diet. Nat. Biog., s. v.; Bryan, Diet, of Painters and Engravers, II, 87.
George Charles Wiluamson.
Doyle, Richard, English artist and caricaturist, b. in London, September, 1S24; d. there 11 December, 1883. The second son of John Doyle (q. v.), he in- herited much of his father's talent and exceeded the elder Doyle in skill and in power as a draughtsman. From a very early age he amused himself with making drawings. He prepared an account of the Eglinton Tournament when he was but fifteen, and at the age of sixteen commenced his famous jouinal, now pre- served in the British Museum. The journal is a manuscript book containing many small sketches in pen and ink, executed with skill and brilliance, and marked by powers of observation and by a sense of humour hardly equalled and certainly not exceeded in later years. This extraordinary work was re- produced in facsimile in 1885 with an introduction by J. H. Pollen, and is a remarkable proof of Richard Doyle's precocity as an artist. In 1843 he became a contributor to "Punch" and continued on the staff of that paper till 1850. He produced many cartoons, but his name will be especially remembered from the fact that he designed the cover for " Punch" which has continued in use down to the present time. He also wrote for "Punch" a series of articles en- titled " Manners and Customes of ye Englyshe". A
