DRESDEN
157
DRESDEN
and the institution for noble young ladies, founded in
1761 by Freiherr von Burkersroda, in which Catholic
young women of noble birth receive a home and an
education. As houses of male orders are forbidden
throughout Saxony, Dresden has only convents of
female congregations; these are: 2 houses of Grey Sis-
ters who have charge of a hospital, St. Joseph's Insti-
tute, a home for servants, 2 kitchens for the poor, etc.; 1
convent of the Sisters of St. Charles Borromeo who
conduct the Amalia home and a boarding home for
working-women. Among the Catholic societies of
Dresden should be mentioned: the Catholic Press
Association, the Teachers' Association, 2 working-
men's societies, the People's Association (Volksverein)
of Catholic Germany, the journeymen's society (Gesel-
Hersfeld laid claim to Dresden; in 1.319 the city finally
came into the possession of the margraves. Margrave
Wilhelm I made Dresden his place of residence; he
enlarged the castle, granted the rights of a city to the
old settlement called Alt-Dresden (Old Dresden) on
the right bank of the Elbe, and founded there in 1404
a monastery of Hermits of St. Augustine. The inten-
tion of this ruler to establish a cathedral chapter in
Dresden was not, however, carried out. In 1449 the
city was besieged by the Hussites and badly damaged.
Among the most remarkable events of the following
period was the pre.sence at Dresden of St. John Capis-
tran, who in 1452 preached repentance here with great
success.
W hen the lands of the House of Wettin were di\ided
lenverein) which carries on a boarding home, the
Merchants' Association, .3 associations for youths, 2
societiesof St. Charles Borromeo, the Catholic Casino,
and 20 religious societies and brotherhoods. The
only Catholic daily newspaper for Dresden and Sa.xony
is the " Sachsische Volkszeitung".
Dresden was originally a village of the Sorbs, who in the sixth century settled on both siiles of the Elbe. In the tenth century the territory was conquered by the Germans, and the Diocese of Meissen (see Meis.sen) was erected in 968 for the conversion of the pagan Sorbs. The first church of Dresden, the church of Our Lady, was built about 1080. Towards the end of the twelfth century the Germans made a settlement, not far from the Sorbs, which is first mentioned in a deed of 1206 and is spoken of as a city as early as 1216. This new settlement, which gradually absorbed the other, received many privileges and rights from Margrave Heinrich the Illustrious (1230-88). The edifices still existing, which were founded in the time of this ruler are: the St. Maternus infirmary, the St. Bartholo- miius infirmary, the Franciscan monastery, the church of which forms part of the present Protestant church of St. Sophia, and the church of the Holy Cross, which in 12.34 received a piece of the True Cross and conse-
aueiitly became a great resort for pilgrims. After the eath of Heinrich, besides the Margrave of Meissen, both the Bishop of Meissen and the monastery of
in 1485 between the two brothers, Albrecht and Ernst,
Dresden was included in the possessions of Albrecht,
to whose successors it has ever since belonged. Soon
after this, in 1491, a great fire laid waste the city, burn-
ing to the ground the church of the Holy Cross and
270 houses, but the town recovered quickly. The city
developed rapidly under Duke George the Bearded
(1500-39), who was a strong opponent of the religious
innovations of Luther. Soon after his death, however,
his brother Heinrich introduced the Reformation into
Dresden fl539). The monasteries of the Franciscans
and Augastinians were suppressed; twenty-seven
altars of the church of the Holy Cross were destroyed
and the paintings were removed; the vessels of gold
and silver were taken from the churches by the coun-
cil, and the holding of Catholic church services was
soon after this entirely forbidden.
During the reign of Duke Maurice, who attained the electoral dignity, the two towns were consolidated in 1550; in the time of Maurice and his successors Dres- den became one of the most beautiful cities of Ger- many. After the sufferings of the Thirty Years War Dresden was adorned by its rulers, Johann Georg, Augustus the Strong, and Frederick Augustus II, with fine edifices and numerous treasures of art, so that it competed with Paris in its attractions. The Seven Years War brought intense misery to the city, the popu- lation of which fell from 63,000"to the fourth part of
