DIRECTORIES
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DIRECTORIES
existence of the "Directorium Chori", a work origin-
ally compiled by Guidetti in 1582, possessing a quasi-
official character and often reprinted since. It is in-
tentled for the use of the hebdomadarius and cantors
in collegiate churches, and is quite different in charac-
ter from the works considered above.
See ScHROD in Kirchenlexikon, s. v, Directorium. For the Pye and Ordinal see especially Frere. The Use of Sarutn (Cam- bridge, 1901), II. Introduction; Wordsworth, The Directorium Sacerdotum of Clement Maydeston (Henry Bradshaw Society, London, 1902), especially the Appendixes to vol. II; and also, in the same series. The Tracts of Cleme-nt Maydeston (London 1894); Chevalier, Bibliolheque Uturgique (Paris, 1S97 — ), ir which series the editor has printed the Ordinaria of Laon Reims, Bayeux, etc. On English directories, see Thurston An Old-Established Periodical in The Month (London, Feb., 1S82).
Herbert Thurston.
The United St.\tes. — These publications begin in the United States with an "Ordo Divini Officii Re- citandi", published at Baltimore, in ISOl, by John Hayes. It had none of the directory or almanac features. "The Catholic Laity's Directory to the Church Service with an Almanac for the year", an imitation of the English enterprise, was the next, in 1817. It was published in New York with the "per- mission of the Right Rev. Bishop Connolly" by Mathew Field, who was born in England of an Irish Catholic family and left there for New York in 1815. He died at Baltimore, 18^52. His son, Joseph M. Field, was six years old when he arrived in New York, and l)ecame a prolific and brilliant writer, dying at Mobile in 1856. Joseph's daughter, Kate Field, was later the well-known author and lecturer. Though both were baptized, neither was a professed Catholic. This Field production, in addition to the ordinarj'^ almanac calendars, had a variety of pious and in- structive reading-matter with an account of the chinches, colleges, seminaries, and institutions of the I'nited States. It made up a small .32mo book of sixty-eight pages. Among other things, it promised the preparation of a Catholic magazine which, how- ever, was never started. Only one issue of this almanac was made. The next effort in the same direction, and on practically the same lines, was also at New York, in 1822, by W. H. Creagh. It was ed- ited by the Rev. Dr. John Power, rector of St. Peter's church, and says in the preface that it was " intended to accompany the Missal with a view to facilitate the use of the same". The contents include "Brief Ac- count of the Establishment of the Episcopacy in the United States"; "Present Status of religion in the respective Dioceses"; "A short account of the pres- ent State of the Society of Jesus in the U. S.", and obituaries of priests who had died from 1814 to 1821. This was the only number of this almanac.
In 1834 Fielding Lucas of Baltimore took up the idea and brought out "The Metropolitan Catholic Calendar and Laity's Directory" for that year, to be pulilished annually. He said in it that he had " in- tended to present it in 1832 but from circumstances over which he had no control it has been delayed to the present period". It prints a list of the hier- archy and the priests of tlie several dioce-ses, with their stations. In this publication and its various succes- sors the title Directory is used in its purely secular meaning, as the issues include no ecclesiastical calen- dar or Ordo. James Meyers "at the Cathedral" is the publisher of the subseijuent volumes until 1838, when Fielding Lucas, Jr., took hold and changed the name "U. S. Catholic Almanac", that Meyers had given it, back to "Metropolitan Catholic Almanac". In the i.ssiie of 1S45 there is inserted a map of the United States, "prepared at much expense to exhibit at a glance the extent and relative situation of the ditferent dioceses", with a table of comparative statis- tics, 1835 to 1845. A list of the clergy in England and Ireland was added in the volume for 1850. "Lucas Brothers" is the imprint on the almanac for
1856-57, and the Baltimore publication then ceased,
to be taken up in 1858 by Edward Dunigan &
Brother of New York, as " Dunigan's American Catho-
lic .Almanac and List of the Clergy". All general
reading-matter was omitted in this almanac, publica-
tion of which was stopped the following year when
John Murphy & Co. of Baltimore resumed there the
compilation of the " Metropolitan Catholic .\lmanac".
Owing to the Civil War no almanacs were printed dur-
ing 1862 or 1863. In 1864 D. & J. Sadlier of New
York started "Sadlier's Catholic Directory, Almanac
and Ordo", which John Gilmary Shea compiled and
edited for them. It made a volume of more than 600
pages and gave lists of the clergy in the Ignited States,
Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, and .Australasia, with
diocesan statistics. This publication continued alone
in the field until 1886, when Hoffman Brothers, a Ger-
man firm of publishers of Milwaukee, brought out
"Hoffman's Catholic Directory", which the Rev.
James Fagan, a Milwaukee priest, compiled for tliem.
In contents it was similar to the New York publica-
tion. This directory continued imtil 1896, when the
Hoffman Company failed, and their plant was pur-
chased by the Wiltzius Company, which has since
continued the directory. The Sadlier "Directory"
ceased publication in 1895.
The Wiltzius "Catholic Directory, Almanac and Clergy List" has reports for all dioceses in the L^nited States, Canada, Alaska, Cuba, Sandwich Islands, Porto Rico, Philippine Islands, Newfoundland, England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, together with statistics of the .Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Belgium, Costa Rica, Guatemala, British Honduras, Nicaragua, San Salvador, German Empire, Japan, Luxemburg, The LTnited States of Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Oceanica, South Africa, The United States of Brazil, Curasao, Dutch Guiana, Switzerland, and the West Indies. It contains also an alphabetical list of all clergjTnen in the L'nited States and Canada, as well as a map of the ecclesiastical provinces in the United States. It gives a list of English-speaking confessors abroad, American colleges in Europe, and the leading Catholic societies; statistics of the Catholic Indian and Negro missions, and a list of Catholic papers and peri- odicals in the United States and Canada.
In the almanac for 1837 it is noted, concerning the statistics, that " the numbers marked with an asterisk are not given as strictly exact, though it is believed they approximate to the truth, and are as accurate as could be ascertained from the statements forwarded to the editor from the several dioceses". On the same topic "Hoffman's Directorj'" for 1890 says: "It is much to be regretted that the statistics are not more carefully kept. In every diocese there are parishes that fail to report and many dioceses report statistics only partially, so that any general summarj' that can be made up at best is only an approximation." Dealing with this long-standing and well-founded complaint of inaccurate Catholic statistics, the arch- bishops of the L'nited States, at their annual confer- ence in 1907, resolved to co-operate with the Uniteil States Census Bureau in an effort to collect correct figures. Archbishop Glennon of St. Louis was ap- pointed a special census official by the Government for this purpose, and under his direction an enumera- tion of the Catholics of every parish in the United States was made. The figures thus obtained were used in the "Directory" for 1909. It is the first, therefore, of the.se publications giving statistics of population on which any reliance can be placed in respect to accuracy of detail.
C.\NAD.\. — In 1886 " IjC Canada Ecclesia.stique, Almanach Annuaire du derge Canadien", printed in French, was begun in .Montreal. The contents are similar to those of the directories in Engli.sh. Recent issues have a number of illustrations of local and historical interest, such as a series of portraits of the
