FRIDAY
303
FRIDOLIN
Of the 568 students in the winter term of 1908-9,
181 were Swiss, 90 Germans, 86 Russians (Poles and
Lithuanians), 32 Bulgarians, 31 Italians, 23 from the
I'nitetl States, 21 from Austria-Hungarj', and the
remainder from eleven other lands.
The university is governed by the rector, elected each year at the general meeting of the ordinary pro- fessors. He is assisted by the senate, which consists of the rector, pro-rector, and the deans and assistant deans of the separate faculties. At the head of each faculty stands the dean, who also holds office for a single year. The professors are appointed by the Council of State on the recommendation of the mem- bers of the faculty concerned, except that in the appointment of professors of theology due attention is always paid to the requirements of ecclesiastical law and the terms of the agreement with the Dominican Order. Candidates are recognized as matriculated students on the production of a certificate which can be procured by following a certain course of academi- cal studies in their native towns. Since 1905, women are allowed to matriculate, and, in addition to the regular students, permission may be given by the rector to other persons to attend particular lectures. As such persons numbered 119 in the winter term 1908-9, the total number of students who attended lectures during this period was 6S7. All the matric- ulated students are enrolled in a general association, called the "Akademia", and also contribute to an academic sick-fund. Many societies have been founded by the students of various lands for the pro- motion of social and intellectual intercourse. Thus, the "Columbia" has been instituted by the students from the United States, and publishes its own bulle- tin "The Columbia". There are three colleges for theological students: the Albertinum, Salesianum, and Canisianum. A special university society has been inaugm-ated to further the interests of the university. The universitj' library is associated with that of the canton (which contains 140.000 volumes, 16,000 brochures, 534 manuscripts, and 350 incunabula), a new building for the accommodation of both libraries having been opened in 1908. The librarj' expends an annual sum of 16,500 frs. in the purchase of books and journals. There are separate libraries for the different academical courses and institutes, 7650 frs. being spent annually on those in connection with the theological, legal, and philosophical faculties, and 30,000 frs. for those of the faculty of mathematical physics. The university has its own scientific publi- cation, the "Collectanea Friburgensia", for which only contributions from professors are accepted, and in which twenty-five works have already appeared in three series. The list of the publications of the uni- versity lecturers, which is appended to the rector's annual report, gives one a good idea of the activity of the professors in other directions.
Weyrich. The Universiiy of Freiburg in Switzerland, in The Irish Rosary (1905); Die katholische Universitnt zu Freiburg in der Schweiz in H istorisch-PolUische Blatter, CXI (1893). 569 sqq. ; Morel, L'VniversiU de Fribourg (2d ed., Fribourg, 1S95); Rapports annuels des Recteurs de V Universite de Fribourg; Mayer (^Baumgartex). L'Universita di Friburgo in Svizzera, tr. from the Grenzboten (Rome, 1902).
J. P. KiRSCH.
Friday, Good. See CiooD Frid.a^t.
Fridelli (properly Friedel), Xaver Ehrenbert, .lesuit missionary and cartographer, b. at Linz, Aus- tria, 11 March, 1673; d. at Peking, 4 June, 1743. He entered the Society of Jesus in 16SS and in 1705 arrived in China. Fridelh was an important contrib- utor to the cartographical survey of the Chinese Em- pire, begun in 1708 and completed in 1718 (according to others, 1715). Baron Richthofen says that this work is "the most comprehensive cartographical feat ever performed in so short a space of time " (" China ", Ber- lin, 1877, 1, 661, see 631 sq.). Together with Fathers R^gis, Jartoux, and others, he designed the maps of
Chi-li, the Amur districts, Kahlkhas (Mongolia), Sze-
ch'wan, Yun-nan, Kwei-chou, and Hu-kwang (Hu-nan
and Hu-pe), for which purpose they traversed the
whole empire from south to north. At the time of his
death Fridelli had been rector for many years of the
Southern or Portuguese church (Nan-t'ang), one of
the four Jesuit churches at Peking.
Five letters in N. Well-Bott (Augsburg, 1726, and Vienna, 175S), nos. 103, 106. 194, .iSg. 674; MS.S. report in the Vienna State library, no. 1117: Dii Halde, Description deVEmpirede la Chine (The Hague, 1736), I, preface: Huonoeb, Deutsche Jesuitenmissionare (Freiburg im Br., 1S99), 87. 186.
A. HUONDER.
Frideswide (Frideswida, Fredeswida, Fr. Fre- vissE, Old Eug. Fris), S.vixt, virgin, patroness of Oxford, lived from about 650 to 735. According to her legend, in its latest form, she was the child of King Didan and Safrida, and was brought up in holiness by Algiva. She refused the proffered hand of King Algar, a Mercian, and fled from him to Oxford. It was in vain that he pursued her; a mysterious blind- ness fell on him, and he left her in her cell. From this eventually developed the monastery, in which she died on 19 October (her principal feast), and was buried. The earliest written life now extant was not composed until four hundred years after her death, but it is gen- erally admitted that the substance of the tradition has every appearance of verisimilitude. From the time of her translation in 1180 (commemorated 12 Feb.) from her original tomb to the great slu'ine of her church, her fame spread far and wide; for the univer- sity was now visited by students from all parts, who went twice a year in solemn procession to her shrine and kept her feasts with great solemnity. Cardinal Wolsey transformed her monastery into Christ Church College, King Henry made her church into O.xford cathedral, but her shrine was dismantled, and her relics, which seem to have been preserved, were rele- gated to some out-of-the-way corner. In the reign of Edward ^^, Catherine Cathie was buried near the site of her shrine. She was a runaway nun, who had been through the form of marriage with Peter Martyr, the ex-friar. The Catholics, as was but natural, ejected her bones in the reign of Queen Mary. But after Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism, James Calfhill, appointed Canon of Christ Church in 1561, dug up Cathie's bones once more, mi.xed them up (in derision of the Catholics) with the alleged remaining relics of the saint, and buried them both together amid the plaudits of his Zwinglian friends in England and Germany, where two relations of his exploit, one in Latin and one in German, were published in 1562. The Latin relation, which is conveniently reprinted in the Bollandists, is followed in the original by a number of epitaphs on the theme Hie jacet religio cum supersti- tione, but it does not seem that these words were in- cised on the tomli, though it is often said that they were. The episode strikingly illustrates the character of the continuity between the ancient faith and the reformed religion of England.
Ada SS., Oct., VIII, 533-564; Mabillon, Ada SS. Ben. (1672). III. i, 561; Hole in Did. Christ. Biog.. s. v.; Hunt in Did. Nat. Biog., s. v.; Hubert. Historia Bucerii. Fagii, item C. VermilitB (1562): Parker, Barlu Oxford, 7Z7-1100 (1885); Pltjmmer, Elizabethan Oxford (18S7).
J. H. Pollen.
Fridolin, Saint, missionarj', founder of the Monas- tery of Sackingen, Baden (sLxth century). In accord- ance with a later tradition, St. Fridolin is venerated as the first Irish missionary who laboured among the Alamanni on the Upper Rhine, in the time of the Slero- vingians. The earliest documentarj- information we possess concerning him is the biographv written by Balther, a Sackingen monk, at the beginning of the eleventh centurj- (Mon.Germ. Hist. : Script . rer.Mero v., Ill, 350-69). According to this life, Fridolin (or Fri- dold) belonged to a noble family in Ireland (Scottia inferior), and at first laboured as a missionary in his
