GEOGRAPHY
446
GEOGRAPHY
Thnbor, 1. Mountain (q.v.). — 2 (Jos., xix, 22;
Judges, viii, 18; Issachar). Unknown. — 3 (I Par., vi,
77; Zabulon); in Jos., xxi, 28, instead of Thabor, we
read Daberath: Deburiyeh.
Thacasin (Jos., xix, 13 ; Zabulon) : possibly Corozain.
ThadmoT. See Palmiha.
Thahalh (Num., xxxiii, 26), given as a station of the Israelites in their journey from Sinai to Cades; poss. a gloss added to the text.
Thalassa (Acts, xxvii, 8), a city in Crete, near Good-havens.
Thalassar (Is., xxxvii, 12), a region in W. Mesopo- tamia, prob. along the Euphrates, between Balis and Birejik.
Thaleha (Jos., xix, 7, Septuag.), for Ether.
Thamar (Ezech., xlvii, 19; xlviii, 28): poss.Thamara of the classics, and Thamaro of the Peutinger Table, on the road from Hebron to Elath.
Thamna, 1 (Judges, xiv, 1, 25; Benjamin) Kh. Tibneh, W. of "Ain Shems.— 2 (Gen., xxxviii, 12-14; Jos., XV, 57; N. Juda); Assyr.: Tamna; perh. Tibneh, N.W. of Jeba'a;more prob. Tibnilh, S.E.of Deir Aban.
Thamnata (I Mach., ix, 50), between Bethel and Pharathon: poss. El-Taiyebeh, or Tammun, in the '\^'ady Far'a.
Thamnalhsaran, Thamnathsare, burialplace of Josue : prob. Kh. el-Fakhakhir, in Ephraim.
Thanac, Thanach (Jos., xxi. 25, etc.) : Tell Ta'annak, S.W. of Lejun.
Thanathselo (Jos., xvi, 6 ; N. Ephraim) : Ta'ana, S.E. of Naplus.
Thapsa, 1 (III Kings, iv, 24), N. limit of Solomon's kingdom: Thapsacus, on the Euphrates, above the confluence of the Belik. Kala'at Dibseh. — 2 (IV Kings, XV, 6), city taken by Manahem, after he had over- thrown Sellum: prob. a mistake for Thersa.
Thare (Num., xxxiii, 27), supposed to be a station of the Israelites on the journey from Sinai to Cades; poss. a gloss.
Tharela (Jos., xviii, 7; Benjamin). Unknown.
Tharsis, 1. A maritime country far to the W. of Palestine, and on the location of which there is much variance of opinions, some deeming it to be Spain (Tartessos) ; others Carthagena, in Spain (Tarseion) ; others, the Tyrrhenians (Tiras of Gen., x, 12), or Etruscans. — 2 (Judges, ii, 13), poss. Tarsus of Cilicia.
Thebath (I Par., xviii, 8), identical with Bete.
Thebes (Judges, ix, 50; II Kings, xi, 21; Samaria): Tubas, N.E. of Naplus.
Thecua, Thecue (Amos, i, 1), birthplace of Amos: ICh. Teqtfa, S. of Bethlehem.
Thelassar. See Thalassar.
Thclharsa (I Esd., ji, 59; II Esd., vii, 61), an un- known Babylonian city.
Thclmnh (I Esd., ii, 59; II Esd., vii, 61), another unknown Babylonian city.
Tliemiin (Jer., xlix, 7, etc.): poss. Chobak, in the Wady Gharandel, S. of the Dead Sea.
Thelmela. See Thelmala.
Themna. See Thamna.
Thenac. See Thanac.
Thersa (Jos., xii, 24, etc.; Samaria), the capital of Jeroboam's kingdom: po.ss. TulKizah, N. of Mt. Hebal, or Et,-Tireh, near Mt. Garizim.
Thesbe, birthplace of Elias; whether Thisbe of Galilee (see below), or Thesbon of Galaad (Kh. el- Istib, near the Wady 'Ajlun, 10 m. N. of the Jaboc), is not absolutely certain, although the Greek favours the latter opinion.
Thessnlonica (q.v.).
Thisbe (Tob., i, 2), birthplace of Tobias, S. of Cedes of Nephtali.
Thochen. See Ether.
Thogorma (Gen., x, 3, etc.): Phrygia, according to Josephtis anil Targum; others generally identify it with Armc^iiia, and especially W. Armenia. Cf. Assyr.'. Til-GaTimmu.
Tholad. See Eltholad.
Thophel (Deut., i, 1): poss. Tefileh, S.E. of the Dead Sea.
Thopo (I Mach., ix, 50; Judea), perh. identical with Taphua 1.
Three Taverns (Acts, xxviii, 15), a place likely near the mod. Cisterna on the Appian Way.
Thyatira (Apoc, ii, 20), a city in Lydia: Ak-Hissar.
Tiberias. See Galilee.
Tichon (Ezech., xlvii, 16; D.V.; "the house of Tichon"): possibly El-Hadr, E.N.E. of Baniyas, on the Nahr Mughanniyeh.
Tob. A country E. of the Jordan ; Geographers are at variance as to its location: some place it S.W. of Soba; others, S. of Gadara; others E. of the bridge called Jisr Benat Yakub.
Toplielh. See Jerusalem.
Tripoli (q.v.).
Troas (Acts, xvi, 6-8), a seaport in Mysia: Eski Stambul.
TrogylHum' (Acts, xx, 15, accord, to MS.D; omitt. in the principal other MSS.), a promontory in Asia Minor, over against the E. end of Samos: C. Mycale.
Tubin (I Mach., v, 13). See Tob.
Tyre (q.v.).
f/r (Gen., xi, 28, etc.); Assyr.: Urn: el-Mughair, on the right bank of the Lower Euphrates.
Vale Casis (Jos., xviii, 21), a place in the Ghor, in the neighbourhood of Jericho.
Vedan (Ezech., xxvii, 19), poss. Egypt.: Ucthen, a city E. of Egypt; the text is not clear.
Zabulon (q.v.).
Zanoa, Zaiwe, 1 (Jos., xv, 34, etc.; Sephela): Zanfi'a. — 2 (Jos., xv, 56, etc.; mount, of Juda): Kh. Zanuta.
Zephrona (Num., xxxiv, 9; N. limit of the Holy Land): perh. Kh. Senbariyeh.
Ziklag, A.V. for Siceleg.
Ziph (Jos., XV, 24, etc.; desert of Juda): Tell ez- Ziph, betw. Hebron and Carmel.
Zohelcth (III Kings, i, 9), a rocky place near Jerusa- lem; the name seems preserved in the mod. Ez- Zehweileh.
The bibliography of Biblical Geography is very extensive. In his BibliolhecaGeographica />a/<;«(in<c (Berlin, 1S90), RoRlcHT attempted a classification of the whole literature of the subject, from 333 to 1878. Tobler had already paved the way by a similar work, some twenty-five years before. A systematic enumeration has been undertaken by Prof. Thomsen, of the German Palestinian Institirte. We must limit ourselves here to a selection of: I. Serials and periodicals; II. Studies on old sources; III. General works; IV. Special subjects.
I. First and foremost, the publications of the Palestine Ex- ploration Fund, since 1865. Besides the maps of E. and W. Palestine (1 inch to the mile), seven volumes of Memoirs on W. Palestine, Moab, Jerusalem, special papers, name-lists, three volumes of studies on natural history, botany, geology, have been issued, and others are forthcoming. The Palestine Ex- ploration Fund Quarterly Statement announces the progress of the work accomplished by the society, Germany has likewise her Palestine Association, issuing the Zeitschrijt des Deutschen Palastina-Vereins (abbreviated ZdDPV), the Mittheilunfjen und Nachrichten des DPV. The Imperial Palestinian Institute be- gan in 1905 the publication of a Palastinajahrhuch. The Ecole pratique d'Etudes Bibliques of the French Dominicans at Jeru- .salem started in 1892 the excellent Revue Biblimie; the Faculty Orientale of the St. Joseph University at Beirut has been issuing yearly since 1906 a stout volume of Melanges: while the mem- bers of the American School of Oriental Study and Research in Palestine publish their contributions mostly in the Biblical World and The American Journal of Archwology. Valuable articles on Biblical geography are likewise to be found in Cler- mont-Ganneau: Melanges d' Archeologie Orientale, also in the Oriens Christianas, and the Revue de I'Orient Latin.
II. 1. Pethie. Syria and Egypt from the Tell el Amama let- ters (London, 1898); Zimmern, Palastina um da/s Jahr 1400 v. Chr. (s. d.); Olausb. Die Stadte der El Amama Briefe und die Bibel in ZdDPV, t. XXV (1907), parts 1 and 2; Dhorme, Les pays bibliques au temps d'El Amama in Revue Bibliqne (1908, Octoh.). 2. Max MOller. Asien und Kuropn nnch Altamiptischm Drnkmnli-m (Leipzig, 1893); In,. Dir i'ctl„xti„nlv<le Thutmosia III. in Millhrilungen der Vordrms. Crx.llsrlmlt (1907), I, 3. Schuatjkr-Wincki.er. Die KeUuisihnfl,;, und das Alte Testa- ment ('.ir^i ai.; a new edition, entitled /vti(tii.MAri/(cn und Bibel,
