GEORGIA
460
GEORGIA
of the city. The Riggs Memorial Library contains
more than 95,000 volumes, among which are many
rare and curious works, early imprints, and ancient
MSS. Among the special libraries incorporated in the
Riggs Ls that of the historian, Dr. J. Gilmary Shea,
valuable for Americana and Indian languages. The
Hirst Library is for the use of the students of the
undergraduate school; it contains about 5000 volumes.
There are also special libraries for the post-graduate
course, for the junior students, and for Maryland
colonial research. The Coleman Museum is a large
hall in which are displayed various collections; here
three thousand specimens illustrate the whole field of
mineralogy, while in geology and paleontology there
are excellent collections. Mosaics, valuable sets of
coins, pontifical and other medals, autographs, photo-
graphs, curios in great variety make the museum one
of the most interesting institutions of its kind. — The
College Archives are deposited in a spacious fire-proof
vault, well lighted and ventilated. Connected with
the archives, there is a hall for the exhibition of Mis-
sals, chalices, vestments, bells, and other memorials of
the early Jesuit missions of Maryland. Gaston Hall,
where commencement and other exercises are held,
owes its artistic ornamentation and finish to the liber-
ality of the Alumni Association. The Philodemic De-
bating Society Room is decorated with portraits of
distinguished graduates and college worthies. The
College Journal and the literary and scientific societies
furnish opportunity for mental improvement; the
Sodality of the Blessed Virgin, which is the oldest in
the United States, helps to piety. The Athletic Asso-
ciation encourages sport and promotes physical train-
ing by means of the gymnasium, ball clubs, boat
clubs, etc. The spirit of loyalty towards Alma Mater
is fostered by the National Society of Alumni and by
the local societies of New York, Philadelphia, North-
eastern Pennsylvania, the Pacific Coast, Wisconsin,
and the Georgetown University Club of New England.
The Triennial Graduate List gives in alphabetical
order the names of all those who have received degrees
from the university, together with information con-
cerning the present occupation and residence of living
graduates. The General Catalogue, and the Circular
of Information, Georgetown University publications
issued annually, furnish detailed information in regard
to courses of studies, requirements for admission and
graduation, fees, expenses, etc., in all departments.
Carroll, Letters (in relation to the college, original and copied, preserved at Georgetown and Stonyhurst Colleges, and in Baltimore diocesan and Maryland Province Archives. These letters are generally referred to, and sometimes quoted in extenso, by the writers mentioned below); Hughes, Hislorij of the Society of Jesus in N. America (London and Cleveland, 1908, 1909), Documents, I, II; Shea, Memorial of First Centen- ary (New York, 1891); Id., Hist. Cath. Church in V. S. (New York, 1888-1890), II, III; Brent, Biography of Archbishop CarroU (Baltimore, 1S43), 76-95; Easby-Smith. Georgetown University, Its Founders, Benefactors, Officers and Alumni (New York and Chicago, 1907); McLaughlin. College Days at George- town (Philadelphia, 1899); Jackson, Chronicles of Georgetown (Washington, 1878), 215; Laity's Directory (New York. 1822), 84; Catholic Almanac (Baltimore, 1833 — ); Sumneh, Woodstock Letters, VII, 3, 69, 135, VIII, 3, 52; Casserly in Scribner's Magazine, XX. 665; McLaughlin, Catholic World, XLVI, 610; Becbet, Cosmopolitan, VIII, 449; Taggart in Records Colum- bia Hist. Sue, XI, 120; Devitt, ibid.. XII; Metropolitan, IV, 287; College Journal (1872 — ), passim; Amiual Catalogues ilS51~); College Archives (a voluminous collection of original manuscript sources, consisting of registers, deeds and records, account books, diaries, academic exercises, proceedings of socie- ties, and letters with printed discourses, programmes, notices of persons and events — 135 vols., classified and indexed).
E. J. Devitt.
Georgia. — Stati.stics. — The area of Georgia is 59, -175 .sq. m., and it is the largest of the original thir- teen United States; bounded on the north by Tennes- see and North Carolina, on the east by the Savannah River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Florida, and on the west bv Florida and Alabama. Popula- tion in 1790, .82,548; in IS.'JO, 516,82.3; in 1870, 1,184,- 109; and in 1900, 2,216,331, including 1,034,813 ne-
groes, 204 Chinese, 1 Japanese, and 19 Indians. The
population of Savannah, the largest city, was, in 1900,
54,244. The present Constitution was adopted in
1877. The State is divided into 10 congressional dis-
tricts, 44 senatorial districts, and 137 counties. No
State in the American Union has such a variety of
agricultural products. Cotton is the chief. Before
the Civil War one-sixth of the total cotton crop of the
United States was raised in Georgia. In 1883, 824,250
bales were produced; in 1907, 1,920,000. Georgia
now ranks as the second cotton-producing State.
Among other agricultural products, Georgia produced
in 1907 5,010,000 bushels of oats, 57,538,000 bushels
of corn, and 2,673,000 bu.shels of wheat. Georgia is
likewise remarkable for the extent and variety of its
woodland, its pine being wnrld-f:imou~. It pos.se.sses
coal, iron, and gold
mines, as well as
silver, copper, and
lead. In 1905 the
value of its prod-
ucts of manufac-
ture was $151,040.-
455, the capital
employed being
$1.35,211,.551. It's
favourable loca-
tion, extensi-ve
railroads, and nu-
merous navigable
streams give Geor-
gia excellent com-
m e r c i a 1 advan-
tages. Situated
between the North and the South-West, the West and
the Atlantic, trade between these sections passes
through the State. Atlanta and Savannah are its prin-
cipal commercial centres. The value of foreign com-
merce is estimatetl at $30,000,000. There is no
Southern State equal to Georgia in the number of
its railroad enterprises. Atlanta, Columbus, Macon,
Savannah, and Augusta are the principal railroad
centres. The mileage of railroads in 1907 was 6780-33.
Education. — The Constitution provides for a
" thorough system of common schools", maintained by
taxation "or otherwise", and free for "white and col-
ored races". The State school commissioner is ap-
pointed by the governor for a term of two years.
Every county has a board of education and a superin-
tendent, and is provided with free schools. Atlanta,
Savannah, Augusta, Macon, and Columbus are separ-
ately organized under local laws. The State univer-
sity, at Athens, founded in 1785, is non-sectarian and
in 1908 had 199 instructors and 3375 students. Con-
nected with it are agricultural colleges, a law school,
and a medical school in various parts of the State.
The other prominent institutions of learning are At-
lanta LTniversity at Atlanta, founded in 1869, non-
sectarian, with 20 instructors and 340 students ; Clark
University at Atlanta, founded in 1870, Methodist
Episcopal, with 25 instructors and 532 students;
Emory College at Oxford, founded in 1836, Methodist
Episcopal, with 14 instructors and 265 students;
Morris Brown College at Atlanta, founded in 1881,
Methodist, with 28 instructors and 940 students;
Shorter College at Rome, founded in 1877, Baptist,
with 30 instructors and 250 students; and Wesleyjui
Female College at Macon, the first institution of learn-
ing for women in America, founded in 1S36, Metho-
dist Episcopal, with 33 instructors and 474 students.
In the common schools of Georgia there were enrolled
in 1907 499,103 pupils and 10,3()0 teachers.
Civil Hi.story. — The swamps and pine lands of Georgia, the last colonized of the original thirteen American .settlements, were all but untrod by the feet of white men before the eighteenth century. Tradi- tion has it that De Soto, in his ill-starred march to his
