GIOVANELLI
568
aiRALDUS
He loved life too well for that. He has left us in a
canzone, mediocre enough as poetry, a satire on " Holy
Poverty" and the excesses of the "Fraticelli", the
radicals among the Franciscans of that time. More-
over, the Florentine novelists, Boccaccio and Sac-
chetti, tell many anecdotes of him in which he figures
as a bon-vivant, jovial, good-natured, with a sense
of humour and a pardonable eccentricity. He may
have been wealthy, as he worked diligently and
charged good prices for his work. He married Cinta
di Lapo del Pela by whom he had eight children.
The eldest, Francesco, registered in 1341 as a member
of the guild of painters at P'lorence.
Vasahi, V!tc il,' Piltmi (e.I. Florence, 1878), I; Crowe .\nd
CavALc'AM I I l:, H: I'Til ,.; II, , tun, PalnliniJ. ed. DOUULAS, II. Giotto III,.! ■':,(,;■■. ., M : I l,nl„i,,TI. 1 ! Hti 1 J VENTURI, WoHO drfC
Arte 111,' ■ ' .\lii.:i I'.iiiri, \"; liEHENSON, The Florenline Painters .-I II, . II,,:,'. ,,,!,;■ iNi'w 'l.iik, 1896); Thode, From von Assi-ii iinil 'itr Atij,iii,!,. ,!, r Ki,i,,J ilcr Renaissance in Italien (Berlin, ISSS); Idem, i:i,,ii„ (Hiclffdd, 1899); Zimmerman, Giotto und die Kunst Ihill, im ini Millptalter (2 vols., Leipzig, 1899-1900); Ruskin, GuiIIh ami Ills Works in Padua (London, 1853-60); Idem, Fors Clarigcra (London, 1871-1874); Idem, Mornings in Florence (London, 1875); Fry, Giotto in Monthly Kericu>, Dec, 1900, and Feb., 1901; Perkins, Giotto (London,
1902). Louis Gillet.
GioTanelli, Ruggiero, composer, b. at Velletri, near Rome, in 15G0; d. at Rome, 7 January, 1625. In 1584 he was appointed choir-master at the church of San Luigi de' Francesi in Rome, and subsequently at the Chiesa dell' Anima. As a composer of madrigals he was exceedingly fertile, and his six books of them, with one of canzonets and vilanelles, appeared be- tween the years 1585 and 1006. So great was his fame as a choir-master and composer that on the death of the illustrious Palestrina, he was appointed his suc- cessor, 12 March, 1594. Among his sacred works are some beautiful masses for eight and twelve voices, and some pleasing motets. So little is known of his later years that biographers could formerly find no trace of Giovanelli after 1615, at which date he published the second volume of his new edition of the (Inuluale known as the "Medicean". However, thanks to the re.searches of W. H. Frey, of Berlin, it is now certain that Giovanelli lived ten years longer. He was buried in the church of Santa Marta.
Baini, Mcmorie storico-critiche iTiome, 182S); ElTNER, Q»e^- Irnlexikon (1900-1904); Grove, Diet, of Music and Musicians, ed. Maitland (Lonflon, 1906), II; Kirchenmusiknlisches Jahr^ buch (Ratisbon, 1909), XXII.
W. H. Grattan-Flood.
Giovanni Bosco, Venerable. See Bosco, Gio- vanni Melchiok, Venerable.
Giovinazzo. See Molfett.\, Giovinazzo, and Terlizzi, Diocese of.
Giraldi, Giovanni Battista (surnamed Cintio), Italian dramatist and novelist; b. at Ferrara, Italy, 1.504; d. there, 157.3. He studied philosophy and medicine in his native town. Under the patronage of the family ruling over his native region, he served for a while as secretary to the dukes of Ferrara, but weary- ing of his duties, he gave himself up to academic life as a professor in turn at the Universities of Mondovi, Turin, and Pavia. Among his minor works there is a disquisition on the methods to be observed in the com- position of epic, romance, drama, etc. (Discorsi in- torno al compor romanzi, commedie e tragedie, ecc), which shows him to be one of the leading literary critics of the time. He essayed the pastoral drama with the "Egle", and the epic with the "Ercole". His dramatic labours extended further, to the produc- tion of one comedy, the "Eudonioni", and nine trage- dies, among which are the "Didone", the "Cleop.a- tra", the"Sclene", and his best play, (ho"Orl)ocche". Even more than for (he "Orbecche", .a rather gory piece, Oir.aldi is remeinbored for his collection of (ales, the"l')catoinmiti" (lli'ca(ommithi). In this he feigns, therein imitating the framework of Boccaccio's "De- cameron", that a company of men and women, fleeing
from the sack of Rome in 1527, take ship at Civitavec-
chia for Marseilles, and beguile the tedium of the jour-
ney by reciting a hundred tales, divided into ten dec-
ades. As a matter of fact there are 112 tales in the
work. The style of the " Ilecatommithi" has Uttle tc
recommend it, being rather cold and colourless; and
although the author announces his purpose of telling
stories that shaU stigmatize vice, and exalt virtue anij
rehgion, he does not wholly avoid the licentious and
unbecoming. It is worthy of note that the seventh
tale of the third decade tells the story of the Moor ol
Venice, later used in Shakespere's "Othello".
Tragedie (ed. Venice, 1581-3); Ecatommiti (ed. Florence 1834); BiLANClNl, G. B. Giraldi e la Iragedia ilaliana 7iel sec XVI (Aquila, 1889); Vecoli, Uintcnto morale degti Ecatotnmit: (Camajore, 1890). J. D. M. FoRD.
Giraldi, Ubaldo (Ubaldus a Sancto Cajetano), an Italian canonist; b. in 1()92; d. in 1775. He was a member of the Piarists {Clerici regulares Scholarum pianim), was twice assistant general-councillor of his congregation, was provincial of the Roman province, rector of the Piarist college at Rome, and Apostolic examiner for the Roman clergy. He published an edition, with additions (Rome, 1757), of the "Insti- tutiones Canonicae" of Remy Maschat, also a Piarist. The "Expositio juris pontificii" of Giraldi (Rome, 1769 ; re-edited, 1829-1830) is not a treatise on canon law. The author merely reproduces the principal texts of the Decretals and of the Council of Trent, adding thereto such papal documents as interpret oi modify their meaning, with a brief commentary of his own. His last work, on which his reputation is chieflj based, was a new edition with notes and additions of Barbosa's great work on pari.sh priests, " Animadver- siones et additamenta ex posterioribus summorum pontificum constitutionibus et sacrarum congrega- tionum decretis desumpta, ad Aug. Barbosa, de Officio et Potestate parochi" (Rome, 1773, new ed., 1831).
ScHULTE, Geschichle der Qudlen und Literatur des canonischen Rechtes (Stuttgart, 1875-1S80), III, 534-535; Hurter, Nomen-
elator. A. Van Hove.
Giraldus Cambrensis (Gerald de B^vrry) was a distinguished writer, historian, and ecclesiastic of the early Middle Ages; b. in Manorbeer, Pembrokeshire, about the year 1147; d. probably between the years 1216 and 1220. His father, William de Barry, was one of the most powerful of the Welsh nobility at the time. Though Gerald's brothers adopted the profes- sion of arms he himself followed a more peaceful course, devoted himself to study, and, influenced by his uncle, the Bishop of St. David's, resolved to be- come an ecclesiastic. He went to Paris to continue his studies; and, if we are to believe his own accoimt, he was looked upon here as a model of piety and learning. He returned to England about 1172, and was employed by the Archbishop of Canterbury on various ecclesiastical missions in Wales, where he dis- tinguished himself for his efforts to remove the abuses then flourishing in the Welsh Church. He was ap- pointed Archdeacon of Brecknock. On the death of his uncle, the Bishop of St. David's (1176), the chapter fixed upon Giraldus as the man most likely to with- stand the aggressions of the Archbishop of Canterbury and submitted his name to Henry II. The king promptly rejected him in favour of one of his Norman retainers; the chapter acquiesced in the decision; and Giraldus, disappointed with the result, withdrew tc Paris and here continued his studies. In 1180 he re- turned to Wales and recoixcd an appointment from the Bishop of St. David's, which he soon resigned, and was sent l)y Henry II to accompany Prince ,lohn on his Irish expedition (1184). While in Ireland he com- posed liis work "Topographia Hibernica", which pur- ports to give a description of the country, but is full of legends anil tales, as well as the " Kxpugnatio Hiber- nica ". The latter work is not entirely unreliable, but
