6LAREAN
577
GLASGOW
Henry II died. At the coronation of his successor,
Richard I, the same year, Chief Justiciar Glanville was
present, and when that prince took the cross, Glan-
ville joined him, contributing a large sum towards the
crusade. In the autumn of 1190 he died at the siege
of Acre, a victim to the unwliolesomeness of the cli-
mate. By his wife. Bertha, a daughter of a neigh-
bouring Suffolk landowner, Theobald de Valognes, he
left three daughters. Glanville is the reputed author
of a celebrated work entitled " Tractatus de Legibus et
de Consuetudinibus Regni Anglice", the oldest known
treatise on English jurisprudence, more likely written
by his illustrious nephew and secretary, Hubert
Walter. Furthermore, he foundetl two abbeys, both
in Suffolk, viz., Butley, for Black Canons, in 1171, and
Leiston, for White Canons, in 1183; also a leper
hospital at Somerton, in Norfolk.
Maitland in Dicl. Nat. Biogr., new ed., VII, 1292-4 (London, 190S): Foss, Biogr. Diet. Judges of England (London. 1S70). The tre.itise "De Legibus", etc., lias been several times jjrinted, for the first time in or about 15.54. .^n English trans- lation by John Beames appeared in London in 1S12.
C. T. BOOTHMAN.
Glarean (Loriti), Henry, the most distinguished of Swiss humanists, poet, philosopher, geographer, mathematician, and musician, was born at Mollis, near Glarus, .Switzerland, in June, 148S, and died at Freiburg-ira-Breisgau, 27 March, 156.3. Loriti, or Glarean, as he came to be called after 1511, from the name of the town near which he was born, received his first instruction (as did Oswald Myconius, Rudolf Agricola, and others) from Michael Rubellus, at Rott^ Weil. Rubellus also paid special attention to the development of his pupil's musical talent. In 15G6 Glarean entered the University of Cologne, where he devoted himself to philosophical and theological stud- ies, and learned music and mathematics from Coch- Upus, and Greek from Csesarius. In 1510 he became a Licentiate and Master of Arts. In 1512 Maximilian I showed his appreciation of a poem which Glarean com- posed in his honour by raising its author to the dig- nity of poet laureate. In 1514 the University of Basle received him among its Mugistri and licensed him to conduct a bursa, or students' hall. Among his pupils was x-Egidius Tschudi, who was afterwards to become famous as an historian of Switzerland and as a zealous defender of Catholicism in the Canton of Glarus.
While at Basle CUarean formed a strong attachment for Erasmus, who in turn, acting as paretis et pnecep- tor. remained to the last a devoted friend and no doubt influencetl his attitude in the midst of religious agita- tion and troubles. Glarean carried a recommenda- tion from him when he started for Paris in 1517; here, too, he gathered pupils around him in a burso and en- tered into close scientific intercourse with Budaeus, Faber Stapulensis, and Faustus Andrelinus. On the death of the last-named, Glarean became the recipient of a royal allowance, although he received no mandate to lecture publicly. In 1522 he settled at Basle, where he had a large following; but the continued ad- vance of the religious movement which he, as an ad- mirer of Luther's writings and an intimate friend of Zwingli, Myconius, and (Ecolompadius, had originally sympathized with, gave him little satisfaction. He severed his relations with the partisans of the Refor- mation, and in 1529 emigrated with Ber, .4merbach, and Erasmus, to Freiburg-im-Breisgau. He laboured in this imiversity until his death, and was one of its most celebrated professors.
Glarean was the author of numerous and important works. In the course of his public and private teach- ing he produced a multitude of editions of, and com- mentaries on, ancient writers, among whom were Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Horace, Ovid, Don- atus, CiEsar, Sallust, Terence, Boethius, Lucan, Vale- rius Maximus, Eutropius, and Curtius. He made distinguished contributions to his favourite sciences, VI.— 37
music and geography. He published at Basle, in
1547, his " Dodekachordon ", which was based on
twenty years' St udy of ancient and ecclesiastical music,
and introduced twelve tones, instead of the eight only
which h.id been known until then. The "Dodeka-
chordon" was recently published in the sixteenth
volume of the Publikation iilterer praktischer und
theoretischer Musikwerke" (Leipzig, lSSS-90). The
standing of Glarean as a geographer rests on hLs " Hel-
vetiae Descriptio", a verse composition (Basle, 1515;
also re-edited by Bernoulli in 1890), one of the earliest
and most widely read descriptions of Switzerland ; also
on his "Liber de Geographia unus" (Basle, 1527),
which is an exhaustive and specific study, in forty
chapters, of the principles of mathematical geography.
A find of historical interest was a manuscript map of
the world, dated 1510, in which he, like Waldseemiil-
ler, used for the newly discovered continent the name
of "Terra America". The library of Glarean eventu-
ally passed, through his friend. Bishop S.E. von Knor-
ingen, to the University of Ingolstadt, and is now at
Munich.
ScHRElBER, Heinrich Loriti Giareanus (Freiburg, 1837); Fritzsche, Glarean (Frauenfeld, 1S90); Obermummer. Zwei handschriftliche Karten des Giareanus in der Munchner Univer- sitdtshibliothek in Jahresbericht der geograph. Gesellsch. (Munich, 1S92), s. 67-74; Elter, de Henrico Glareano geographo (Bonn, 1S96): Haywood, Giareanus, His Geography and Maps in Geo- graphical Journal (1905). XXV, 647-54.
Otto Hartig.
Glas, John. See Sandemanians.
Glasgow, I. Archdiocese of (Gla-sguensis), in the south-west of Scotland, comprising at the pres- ent day the Counties of Lanark, Dumbarton, and
Renfrew, part of Ayrshire north of Lugton Water, the
district of Baldernock in St irling.shire, and the ('umbrae
Isles. The see was founded between 540 and 5(30 by
St. Kentigern, or Mungo, who died 13 Jan., GOl. He
also establi-shed on the Welsh model a religious com-
munity, which served as a much needed centre to pre-
serve the Faith among the surrounding C'hristian
population. In his time Cathures, as the place was
originally called, stood at the northern limit of the
little kingdom of the Strathclyde Britons, which ex-
tended on the west of the island southwards as far as
Carlisle in Cumberland. On the north-west were the
Scots of Dalriada, and on the north-east the Picts,
who were then being converted to Christianity by St.
Columba and his missionary monks from lona. On
the east the Strathclyde Britons, like their brethren
in Wales, were pressed by the Angles and Saxons
westward to the sea.
On accoimt of the struggle of races for mastery and the confusion of the times that followed there appears to have been no regular succession of bishops till the time of .\lexander I of Scotland, son of St. Margaret. His brother and successor on the throne, St. David, while prince of this region under the name of Cumbria, may be said to have restored the Diocese of Glasgow.
