HAUTECOMBE
151
HAUTESERRE
Nationale, but he resigned in 1851 in order to protest
against the coup d'etat of Louis Napoldon. In 1861
the Association of Advocates chose him as its hbrarian,
and in 1862 he became a member of the Acad^mie
des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. From 1871 to
1882 he was director of the Imprimerie Nationale.
While Haureau was not always soimd in his philo-
sophical views, he died as a good Catliohc, after re-
ceiving the sacraments of the Church.
Haureau was a voluminous writer. He contrib- uted the "Pharsale" of Lucan and the "Fac6tie sur la mort de Claude" of Seneca, two translations, to the collection of Latin classics of Nisard. Besides writ- ing numerous articles for political and historical cyclopedias, he published a number of important works on history and philosophy: — "Critique des hypotheses metaphysiques de Manes, de Pelage et de I'idealisme transcendental de saint Augustin" (Le Mans, 1840); "Histoire littcSraire du Maine" (Paris, 1843-52); "Manuel du Clerge" (Paris, 1844); "His- toire de la Pologne" (Paris, 1846); "Charlemagne et sa cour" (Paris, 1854); "Frangois I^r et sa cour" (Paris, 1855); "Hugues de Saint- Victor" (Paris, 1859); "Singularites historiques et litteraires" (Paris, 1861); "Histoire de la philosophic scolastique" (Paris, 1872-80), the best-known of his works; "Le commentaire de Jean Scot Erigene sur Martinus Capella" (Paris, 1861), etc. He is also the author of vols. XIV and XV of "Gallia Christiana" (Paris, 1856-1865).
Vapereau, Dictionnaire universel des contemporaina (Paris, 1893) ; Revue des questions historioues (Paris, 1896), 325; Frank, Essais de critique philosophique (Paris, 1SS5).
P. J. Marique.
Hautecombe (Altacomba, Alt^comb^um), a Cistercian monastery near .\ix-les-Bains in Savoy, Diocese of Chambery (formerly Geneva) ; founded about A. D. 1101 in a narrow valley (or combe) between hills near the Lake of Bourget by hermits from Aulpes, in the Lake of Geneva. About 1125 it was transferred to a site on the north-western shore of the lake under Mont du Chat, granted to it by Amadeus, Count of Savoy; and shortly afterwards it accepted the Cistercian Rule from Clairvaux. The first abbot was the saintly and learned .A.madeus de Haute-Rive, afterwards Bishop of Lausanne. Two daughter-houses were founded from Hautecombe at an early date, one, Fossa-Nuova (afterwards called For Appio), in the Diocese of Terracina, in 1135, and the other, S. Angelo de Petra, close to Constantino- ple in 1214. Celestine IV and Nicholas III have been claimed as alumni of Hautecombe, but this is disputed by Janauschek, the historian of the Cistercian (jrder. The chief interest of Hautecombe, apart from the beauty of its situation, arises from its having been for centuries the burial-place of the Counts and Dukes of Savoy. Count Humbert III, known as " Blessed ", and his wife Anne were interred there in the latter part of the twelfth century; and about a century later Boniface, Archbishop of Canterbury (1245- 1270), son of Count Thomas I, was buried in the sanc- tuary of the abbey church. He had come out from England with King Edward I to accompany him in a crusade, but died at the castle of St. Helena in Savoy. The last abbot, Anthony of Savoy, a son of Charles Emmanuel I, was interred there in 1673. The abbey was restored (in a debased style) by one of the dukes abo\it 1750, but it was secularized and sold in 1792, when the French entered Savoy, and was turned into a china-factory. King Charles Felix of Sardinia pur- chased the ruins in 1824, had the church rebuilt and re-consecrated, and restored it to the ('istercian Order. He and his queen (Maria Christina of Naples) are buried in the Belley chapel, which forms a kind of vestibule to the church. Some 300 statues and many frescoes adorn the interior of the church, which is 215 feet long, with a transept 85 feet wide. Most of the
tombs are little more than reproductions of the medi-
eval monuments.
Cibrario, Storia e descrizione delta r. badia d' Altacomba (Turin. 1843-4): Jacquemont, Descript. hist, de I'abbaye de Hauietombe (Chambery, 1S43): C/ironica Abbatiar Alt(Bcutnbiae, 1125-1421. ed. Promis in Monum. tiist. pair, script. (18.39), II, 6/2-7: Blanchard, Hist, de Vabbnye de Hautecombe in Mem. Soc. Savois. d'hisl. el d'archiol, XI (1S67,\ 185-212: Bar- THELEMY in Rcv. dcs soc. sav. (1875), II, 353-6: (JoT, Notice sur Vabbayeroyalede Hautecombe (Cbamh^Ty, 1836): Janauschek, Orig. Cisterc. (1877), I. 34, 35: Letires sur la royale abbaye de Hautecombe (Genoa, 1827); Coquet, L'Abbatie de Hautecombe in Ann. Soc. acad. arcliit. Lyon., VII (18S1-2), 89-103.
D. O. Huntek-Blaib.
Hautefeuille, Jean de, French physicist, b. at Orleans, 20 March, 1647; d. there, 18 October, 1724. He was the son of a baker and was brought up in humble circumstances. While a mere boy he attracted the notice of the Duchess of Bouillon and was aided by her in his studies. She proved a generous patroness to him during her life and left him a pen- sion at her death. He travelled in her suite through England and Italy, and received several benefices from her, after his entrance into the ecclesiastical state. He was endowed with an inventive turn of mind, and gave much attention to the practical prob- lems of mechanics and particularly of horology. One of his most important achievements in the imjirove- ment of timepieces was the proposal to employ a spiral spring with a balance wheel in place of a pen- dulum to control the mechanism. Huyghens and Hooke had also made the same suggestion, and each claimed the right of priority. To Huyghens, however, must be given the credit of perfecting the device, and the first watch provided with a hair spring is said to have been made under his direction. In acoustics Hautefeuille investigated the action of speaking trumpets, and wrote an essay on the cause of echoes, which was crowned by the .Academy of Bordeaux in 1718. He made improvements in lenses, and sug- gested a method of raising water by the explosive action of gun-powder. The phenomenon of the tides also excited his interest, and he invented an instru- ment called a thalassametcr for their registration.
Though not without genius, Hautefeuille lacked the power of perfecting his inventions. He was too often inclined to publish his ideas prematurely and then abandon them to take up something new. The Paris Academy of Sciences attested the value and use- fulness of many of his discoveries, but it never con- ferred on him the honour of electing him as a member. He was the author of a number of essays on a variety of subjects. Among them may be mentioned: "Ex- plication de I'effet des trompettes parlantes" (1673); "Pendule perpetuelle, avec un moyen d'elever I'eau par la poudre a canon" (1678); "L'art de respirer sous I'eau" (1692); "Nouvelle moyen de trouver la d^clinaison de I'aiguille aimant^e avec une grande pri^cision" (1683); "Microscope micrometrique, gno- mon horizontal, et instrument pour prendre les haur teurs des astres" (1703); "Problemes d'horlogerie" (1719) ; " Nouveau systeme du flux et du reflux de la mer" (1719).
Delau>J-AYE in Biographic universetle, XVIII: Montucla, Hi,it. des math. (Paris, 1799). II, 421: Poggendorf, Gesch. d. Physitc (Leipzig, 1879).
Henry M. Brock.
Hauteserre (Alteserra), (1) Antoine Dadin d'; b. 1602, d. 1682; a distinguished French historian and canonist, dean of the faculty of law at the University of Toulouse. He had a familiar knowledge of the writ- ings of the Greek anrl Latin Fathers and the councils of the Church, and was held in the highest estimation by the French clergy. It was he who, at the request of two bishops, critically reviewed (1670) certain legal treatises concerning the appel comme d'abus and re- futed them. He vi'as the author of many important works on feudal and Roman law, the antiquities of Aquitaine, ecclesiastical and monastic antiquities, and
