HUNGARY
555
HUNGARY
soon proved insufficient, and what was lacking was
settleil by royal edict as cases requiring decision
appeared. The Diet of 1687 also acknowlerlged the
Hungarian Crown to be hereditary in the Ilapsburg
family and in addition to this renounced the free elec-
tion of the king.
The opening of the eighteenth century was signal- ized by the outbreak of a revolution headed by Francis RAkoczy II. The only damage which this ilid to the Church was that the work of consolidation and reor- ganization was delayed for a time. The revolt was purely political and did not degenerate into a reli- gious war; in the districts which sided with Rilkoczy the Catholic clergy also supported the prince. In 1705 Rdkoczy held a Diet at Sz6cs(';ny which passed laws regarding religious questions; the religious ordi- nances of the Diets of 160S and 1047 were renewed; religious freedom was granted to serfs; in those places
Catholic Hungary was unilisturbed. During this era
the reorganization and strengthening of the Catholic
Church could be vigorously carried on. The coloni-
zation of the regions regained from the Turks in the
later decades of the seventeenth century, and of the
districts surrountling the River Temes, began after
1716. The colonists were foreigners, largely Germans,
who held the Catholic Faith. As a result of this and
other settlements, the Catholic population rapidly
increased, so that in 1805 there were 5,105,381 Cath-
olics to 1,983, .366 Protestants. The number of the
parishes also grew greatly, especially in the country
formerly under Turkish rule. The churches in the
hands of the Protestants were reclaimed anew, but
this once more led to intense friction. In order to
restore religious peace, Emperor Charles VI, who was
Charles III of Hungary (1711-40), appointed a com-
mission for religious affairs, the decisions of which,
House of Pahh.yment. Bud.\pest
where the population was of both religions the one to
which the majority of the inhabitants belonged re-
ceived the church, while the minority had the right
to build one for itself. After the session of the Diet
of Onod, 1707, where the independence of Hungary
was declared, and the Hapsburg dynasty deposed,
political conditions were for a short time unfavour-
able to the Church, as Protestantism was granted
larger influence in the affairs of the Government, but
this soon passed away. King Joseph I held a Diet at
Pozsony (Presburg) in 1708, at which the religious
question was again brought forward, but no agree-
ment was reached. The Protestants made large
demands, but the Government would not concede
more than was contained in the laws of 1681 and
1687. Soon after this the revolt headed by Rdkoczy
came to an end and in the Peace of Szatmar (1711)
the country once more obtained rest from political
disorder. The regulations of the treaty in regard
to religion were that the Government should main-
tain the laws of 1681 and 1687 which granted the free
exercise of religion to persons of every denomination;
consequently religious freedom was conceded the
Protestants.
(3) From the Peace of Szatmd)r {1711) to the Present Time. — For a long period after the Peace of Szatmdr
however, were not sanctioned until 1731. These
enactments, called Resolutio Carolina, confirmed the
laws of 1681 and 1687 regarding religious affairs.
Protestants were permitted the public exercise of
their religion in the western districts of the country,
according to the provisions of the law of 1681, and
the private exercise of it everywhere. The Protestant
ministers were forbidden to live outside of the places
legally designated, but the members of their faith
could seek them where they abode. The authority
of the superintendents over the pastors was limited to
disciplinary matters; in secular matters the pastors
were subject to the civil jurisdiction. Matters per-
taining to marriage were placed under the control of
the bishop; the decision, however, was given in
accordance with Protestant enactments. In regard
to mixed marriages, it was enacted that the mar-
riage must be entered upon before the Catholic
priest, and the children be brought up in the Catho-
lic religion.
Regarding church buildings the enactments of the laws of 1687 were declared to be in force. These are the more important ordinances of the Resolutio, which were supplemented later by various royal decisions. Charles VI was the last male descendant of the Hapsburgs, and he sought to have the succes-
