HURST
583
HURTER
Miliians (Prague, 1675); V^n. Marie de l'Incarnation, Lea
lettres, 1632- Wi2 (Paris, 1876); LfeoisLATURE de liuEBEc,
Docs, relatifs a I'Hist. de la Nouv.-France, 1492-17S9 (Quebec,
1883-18S5); Margry, Dccouvertes, 1614-1764 (Paris. 1879-88);
CoLDEN, Hist, of the Five Nations of Can.. 1720-1784 (New
York, 1902); Potier, Joiirna( (MS., Hur. Miss, of Detroit, 174:i-
48) with a coliec. of letters transcr. ; Elementa Gram. Huroni-
cce (MS., Detroit, 1745); Radices Huron. (MS., Detroit, 1751);
Sermons en langue kuronne (.M.S., Detroit, 1716-47).
Modern Works. — .Shea, Uist. of the Cath. Missions among the Indians (New York. 1855); The Cath. Ch. in Colonial Datfs (New York. 1.886); Hist. Sketch of the Tionontates or Dinondadies now called Wyandots in Hist. Mag., V, 262; W1N.SOR, Narrat. and Crit. Hist, of .\mer.. IV, 26:j-290; Martin, La Destruction des Hurons in .ilhum Litteraire de La Minerve (.Montreal, Dec, 1848), 333; Moo.net, Indian Missions North of Mexico in Hand- book of Amer. Inds. (W:ishington, 1907); Harris, Early Mis- sions in Western Canada (Toronto, 1893); Rochemonteix, Les Jes. et la Nouvelle France (Paris, 1895); James, The Downfall of the Hur, Nat. (Ottawa, 1906): Faillon, Hist, de la colonie fran- Qaise en Can. (Paris, 1865); Ferland, Cours d' Hist, du Can. (Quebec, 18S2); Gahneah, Hist, du Can. (Montreal, 1SS2); Campbell, Pioneer Priests in N. Amer. (New York, 1908); Parkman, The Jesuits in N. Amer. (Boston, 1868); Coyne, The Country of the Neutnds (St. Thomas, Qnt., 1895); Jones, "Ouendake I^hcn,*' Old Huronia (in preparation) ; Identification of St. Ignacell andof Ekarenniondi'm Ontario Archaeol. Report, 1902 (Toronto, 19U3); Martin, Le P. Jogues (Paris, 1873); Le P. Jean de Brt'beuf (Paris, 1877), tr. Shea (New York, 1885); Or- HAND, Le P. Etienne de Carheil (Paris, 1S91); Hunter, Sites of Hur. Villages in Simcoe eoitnty, Ontario, in tfie townships of: rinv (1899); Tay ^900). Mcdonle (WO-2): Oro (1903); ,V. and ,S. Orillia (1904); Flos and Vespra (1907) (Toronto); Dooyentate (the Indian Peter Clarke), Grig, and Traditional Hist, of the Wyandotts (Toronto, 1870); Schoolcraft, Hist., Condition and Prospects of the Ind. Tribes (Philadelphia, 1853-56); Pilling, Iroquoian Languages (Bur. of Ethn., Washington, 1888); Slight, Indian Researches (Montreal, 1844); Ont. ArchtBol. Re- ports for 18S9, 4-15, 42-46; 1890-91, 18, 19; 1892-93, 22-34; 1895, passim; 1.897-98, 32, 35-42; 1899, 59-60, 92-123, 124- 151 ; 1900, Harris, The Flint Workers: a Forgotten People.
Arthur Edward Jones.
Hurst (or Herst), Rich.\rd, Liyman and martyr, b. probably at Broughton, near Preston, Lancashire, England, date unknown; d. at Lancaster, 29 August, 1628. He was a well-to-do yeoman, farming his own land near Preston. As he was a recusant, Norcross, a pursuivant, was sent by the Bishop of Chester to arrest him. The pursuivants had a slight fracas with Hurst's servants, in the course of which one of the pursuivant's men, Ijy name.Dewhurst, in running over a ploughed field, fell and broke his leg ; but this accident was not in any wise caused by Hurst or his servants. The woimd mortified and proved fatal, but before his death Dewhurst of his own free will made a solemn oath that his injury was the result of an accident. Nevertheless Hurst was indicted for murder, as the Government wished at that time to make some severe examples of recusants. Through Hurst's friends a petition was sent to King Charles I, which petition was also supported by Queen Henrietta Maria. But the Government was successful in prociu-ing the judi- cial murder of Hurst, by grossly tampering with the very palladium of English liberties. No evidence controverting that of the tlying Dewhurst having been adduced, the jury were unwiUing to convict; l)ut the foreman of the jury was actually told by the judge, in the house of the latter, that the Government was deter- mined to get a conviction, that a foul murder had been committed, and that the jury must bring in a verdict of guilty. Hurst was accordingly convicted and sen- tenced to death; on the next tlay, being commanded to hear a sermon at the Protestant church, he refused, and was dragged by the legs for some distance along a rough road to the church, where he, however, put his fingers in his ears so as not to hear the sermon. At the gallows he was informed that his life would be spared if he would swear allegiance to the king, but as the oath contained passages attacking the Catholic Faith, he refused and was at once executed.
GiLLOw, Bibl. Diet. Eng. Cath., s. v.; Idem, Lancashire Recu- sants in MS.; Challoner. Memoirs, II (Edinburgh. 1878). 97- 101 : A true and Exact Relation of the Death of Too Cathoticks at Lancaster, 1628 (London, 1737). a very rare tract; Foley in Slonyhurst Mag., No. XX, 112; Dodd-Tierney, Ch. Hist.
C. F. Wemyss Brown. Hurtado, Caspar, a Spanish Jesuit and theolo- gian, b. at Mondejar, New Castile, in 1575; d. at
Alcald, 5 August, 1647. He studied at the University
of Alcala de Henares, where in the examination for
the doctorate he won the highest place from niunerous
competitors. He was at once appointed professor in
the university, and was winning fame as a lecturer,
when at the age of thirty-two, he resigned his chair
and entered the Society of Jesus (1607). His talents
lying mostly in the direction of theology, he lectured
on this subject successively at Murcia, Madrid, and Al-
cald. He died in 1647 as dean of the faculty of Al-
cala, where he had professed for thirty years. His
principal works are: " De Eucharistia, sacrificio mis-
sse et ordine" (Alcald. 1620); " De matrimonio et
censuris" (.Alcala, 1627); "De incarnatione Verbi"
(.^Icahi, 162S) ; "De Sacramentis in genere et in specie,
i. e. Baptismo, Confirmatione, Poenitentia et Extrema
LTnctione" (.\lcaH, 1628); "De beatitudine, de acti-
bus humanis, bonitate et malitia, habitibus, virtutibus
et peccatis " (Madrid, 1632) ; " Disputationes de sacra-
mentiset censuris" (Antwerp, 1633); "DeDeo" (Mad-
rid, 1642). Of the Jesuits, Hurtado is one of the most
distinguished for learning and piety. He was among
the earliest to deviate from the method of St. Thomas,
which till then hail been followed by the majority of
theologians, and he devised a system of his own. He is
noted for the brevity, conciseness, and clearness of his
exposition. He was a great orator and preached with
abundant success liefore the Spanish Court.
.■\ntonio, liihliulhi'-a Scriplorum Hispnniensium ; Ale- GAMBE, Bibliotlicca scriptorum s. J .; Hurter, Nomenclator.
A. FOURNET.
Hurter. — (1) Friedrich Emmanuel von Hurter, convert and historian, b. at Schaffhausen, 19 March, 1787; d. at Graz, 27 August, 1865. From 1804 to 1806 he attended the University of Gottingen, and in 1808 was appointed to a country parish. The appear- ance in 1834 of the first volume of the life of Innocent III, on which he had been working for twenty years, caused a profound sensation in both Catholic and Protestant circles, and was soon translated into French, English, Italian, and Spanish. Hurter was chosen in 1835 anti.<stcs of the clergy in the canton of Schaffhausen, and later president of the school board, in which capacities he laboured wdth great zeal. During many years his manifest sympathy and intimacy with the Catholic clergy, including the Arch- bishop of Freiburg and the papal nuncios to Switzer- land, and his disinterested efforts to assist Catholics roused the antagonism of his colleagues who took the first pretext to let loose a storm of abuse against Hurter. As a result he resigned his dignities in 1841, lived in retirement for three years, and in 1844 went to Rome, where on 16 June he made his profession of faith before Gregory X^T, his conversion being the signal for renewed attacks. In 1S46 he was ap- pointed imperial coimsellor and historiographer at the Court of Vienna, and took up the task assigned him, the life of Emperor Ferdinand II, which, however, was withheld from the press by the court censors, but appeared later at Schaffhausen. The Revolution of 1848 involved the loss of Hurter's position at Court, to which, however, he was restored in 18.52. Till his death he laboured for the spread of the Catholic relig- ion, especially in connexion with the foreign mission field; he was also in close touch with the greatest scholars of the day. He was appointed by the pope a commander of the Order of St. Gregory, and was a member of the academies of Rome, Munich, Bru.ssels, and Assisi. In addition to his " Leben Innocenz III " (4 vols., Hamburg, 1834-42), Hurter was the author of " Denkwurdigkeiten aus dem letzten Dezennium des 18. Jahrhunderts " (1840); "Geburt und Wiederge- burt" (Schaffhausen, 1845-46), an autobiography; "Geschichte Kaiser Ferdinands II. und seiner Eltern" (Schaffhausen, 1850-65); " Philipp Lang, Kammer- diener Kaiser Rudolfs II. (Schaffhausen, 1851); " Beitrage zur Geschichte Wallensteins " (P>eiburg im
