IRISH
153
IRISH
(and was alisolutely nil, the influence of the Irish-bom
or Irish descendants of to-day is important. Of such
in the C'hurcli are one archbishop and four bishops
(and titulars), two abbots, a prior, two rectors of col-
leges, two provincials, an administrator of a cathedral,
the preacher of the " Papal Sermon " at the Vatican
Council, several domestic prelates, and numerous can-
ons. In the State: A Groom, and also a Lord, in wait-
ing to the king. Somerset Herald, twenty-four army
officers, five M. P.'s, three in the higher Civil Service,
two County-Court j udges, seven J. P.'s, four Aldermen,
two superintendents of Scotland Yard. Referring
only to those of admitted position, there are in science,
three; in art, a portrait painter, two other artists; one
musician; five actors and actresses; two singers in
opera. In medicine, a king's physician and thirteen
eminent practitioners. In letters, the founder and
first editor of "The Windsor Magazine", now editor
of "Cassell's Magazine"; editors of five other news-
papers, etc.; forty-four writers, novelists, authors;
nine journalists; and many members of educational,
and of county, councils.
Assuming that the bulk of Irish residents in Eng- land are Catholic, the following statistics have in- terest. (The latest census returns are made up to 1901.) Irish-born inhabitants of England and Wales: 426,565, or 13-1 per 1000 of whole population of England and Wales, and 96 per 1000 of the population of Ireland; a decrease of 7 per cent in England and Wales since 1891.
The distribution of 348,685 (or 82 per cent) of the Irish-born inhabitants of England and Wales in 1901
Lancashire...
Cheshire
London
(Surrey Kent Middlesex . Essex
Yorkshire. . .
y 163,569, a decrease of 11-3 per cent
' since 1891
60,211 1
)■ almost no change since
33,850 j ^^^^
39,145. . .decrease of 3953 since 1891
North umb... . )
Durham ■ 38,480
Cumberland . ) Hampshire
decrease of more
9000 since 1891
13,430. . .increase of 1582
1891
than
348,685
Outside of the metropolis the Irish-born population exceeds 5000 in no one town except the five following (Manchester and Salford being counted as one) : —
Liverpool 45,673 — 6-7 per cent of population
against 9-1 per cent in 1S91.
Salford^^*'^'"'" f 28,194 against 32,270 in 1891.
Leeds 6443
Bootle 5857
Birkenhead. . . . 5306
The following table shows the number of Irish-born persons per 100,000 of total population in each of the counties of England. It will be seen that the popula- tion falls below -4 per cent in the counties where agri- culture most predominates:
Beds 386
Berks 637
Bucks 353
Cambridges 239
Cheshire 2241
Cornwall 538
Cumberland 2387
Derbyshire 626
Devon 11:35
Dorset 907
Durham 1895
Essex (Ex.— Metr.). 760
Glouc 623
Hants 1684
Hereford 470
Herts 431
Hunts 251
Kent (Ex.-Metr.) . . 1148
Lanes 3297
Leics 405
Lines 304
London 1327
Middlesex
(Ex.-Metr.) 954
Mon 1047
Norfolk 240
Northants 296
Northumb 1593
Notts 420
Oxford 387
Ruts 502
Salop 489
Somerset 454
Staffs 604
Suffolk 265
Surrey (Ex.-.Metr.) 1071
Sussex 752
Warwick 717
Westmoreland 459
Wilts 374
Worcs 451
Yorks 1092
The percentages of Irish-born to the whole popu-
lation of England and Wales were 2-9 in ISol; 2-1 in
1861;2-5inl871;2-15inl881; 1-6 in 1891; l-3inl901.
Scotland. — The earliest authentic record of emi- gration from Ireland to Scotland is to Argyle, about the .year 258 — fighting men who helped kindred tribes in .\lba against Roman invaders. The See of the Isles is said to have been founded by St. Patrick about 447. Irish missionaries followed. In 503 Prince Fergus left Ireland to help the Scots of Alba against the Picts. His colony became the basis of a kingdom. In 565 St. Columba "from Donegal passed into Scotland, labour- ing in lona for thirty-five years. His celebrated dec- laration against Scots paying tribute to Irish kings practically established the Scottish nation. The Scots of former times recognized their debt by frequent use of the baptismal name Malcolm; i. e. "Servant of Co- lumba". By the ninth century the Scots were poHt- ically a distinct people, though the hierarchy of Northern Ireland kept an ecclesiastical protectorate over lona later than 1203. Intercourse between Ire- land and Scotland in the thirteenth century is seen in the election of Donell Oge to chieftainship (1258), who, having lived in Scotland, spoke Albanian Gaelic. In 1495 Hugh Roe O'Donnell visited James IV in Scot- land, concluding vdXh him an offensive and defensive covenant. Through harpers and pipers Irish music penetrated into Scotland. Hardiman says: "Theair, as well as the words, of Maggy Laidir ... is Irish." Robin Adair is the Irish " Aileen Aroon"; "John An- derson, my Jo" is at least an echo of "Cruiskeen Lawn".
The General Assembly of 1608 proposed to James " that the sons of noblemen professing popery should be committed to the custody of their friends as are sound in rehgion", which was effectively done. In 1785 Irish fishermen "were brought from Ireland to teach the natives of Uist the manufacture of kelp from seaweed. Others were brought to the Shetlands because of their dexterity in fishing. . . . The in- habitants of Barra learned fish curing from the Irish fishermen."
When Betoim, the last archbishop of the ancient Scottish hierarchy, went into exile (1560), English archpriests had jurisdiction over Scotland. On his death, in 1603, the hierarchy came to an end. In 1623 Gregory XV established a prefect of missions for Scotland. In 1631 the Irish Bishop of Down and Connor, Magennis, was put over the Scottish mission by Urlaan VIII. The second in succession from him was an Irish Franciscan, Patrick Hogarty (1640). In 1651 two Irish Vincentians, Fathers Duggan and White, went as missionaries to Scotland. The former worked for six years in the Hebrides, being very suc- cessful in LTist and Barra. In this latter place legends still exist of the curious miracles said to have been worked by him. Father White gave seventeen years to the Eastern Highlands. In 1718 there were about 40 Catholics in Glasgow. In 1779 Scotland had one bishop and some 17,000 Cathohcs. In 1793 the first Relief Bill for Catholics was passed.
In 1800 there were three bishops, forty priests, twelve churches, and about 30.000 Catholics. In 1804 the Scotch had the free exercise of their religion. St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh, dates from 1814; St. Andrew's, Glasgow, from 1816. Glasgow, the city of St. Mungo (the Irish St. Kentigem), ground hallowed
