ITALY
211
ITALY
Fucino, to the west. The eastern range extends from Apennines, of which they preserve lioth the nature and
the defile of Arquata to the Sangro River and is di- the direction; the Apennines of Calabria, which are
vided into three stretches, namely, the group of Pizzo different in direction, aspect, and nature from the
di Sevo (7S50 feet), from the Tronto River to the Vo-
mano; the Gran Sasso d'ltalia, between the Vomano
and the Pescara Rivers, the highest group of the
peninsula, its greatest elevation being that of Mt.
Corno (9560 feet) ; and third, the group of the Majella,
which is preceded by the Morone chain and the highest
point of which is Mt. Amaro (9170 feet). Bears are
still to be found in these mountains. The middle
Apennines, having an Alpine character; the Margie
range, also differing in origin and characteristics from
the Apennines, (h) The Neapolitan Apennines. —
This range extends from the Pass of Rionero to the
saddle of Conza. Beginning at the north, there is
first the highland plain of Carovilli, and then the
mountains of Frentani or of Campobasso. These are
followetl by the vast highland plain of the Sannio and
range of the Abruzzan Apennines parts from the by that of Irpino which forms the eastern border of the
Velino River near Mt. Terminillo and divides into the Beneventana basin and terminates at the saddle of
groups of Mt. Velino and of Mt. Sirente, from which Conza. This series of elevations, although of medium
the range is continued to the south-east, by the
Scanno Mountains, which are separated from those
of Majella l)y the plains of 8olmona and of Cinque-
miglia. (f) The Roman .Sub-Apennines. — The Sabine
Mountains rise between the Aniene, the Tiber, the
Nera, the Velino, and
the Turano Rivers,
containing Mt. Pel-
lecchia (44S7 feet);
they are a continu-
ation of the moun-
tains of Spoleto and
develop a most pic-
turesque region that
is rich in historic
memories. TheSim-
bruini Mountains
stand between the
Turano and the Ani-
ene Rivers, followini;
the direction of the
Sabine Mountains.
Between the Sacco
and the Aniene Riv-
ers are the Ernici
Mountains, which
are of volcanic na-
ture. They are fol-
lowed in a north-
westerly direction
by the Palestrina
Mountains, which contain Mt. Guadagnolo (;)990
feet) and which are separated from the saddle of
Palestrina (1130 feet) and from the Alban Mountains,
which belong to the Anti-.Vpennines. (g) The Roman
Anti-.\pennines. — This range extends from the Flora
to the Garigliano rivers and is divided into two parts.
Between the Rivers Flora and Tiber there is a predomi-
nance of volcanic groups like that of the Volsini Moun-
tains (2270 feet) that form a chain of volcanic stone
around Lake Bolsena. which was formed, possibly, by
the reunion of several extinct craters. This group is
followed by the Cimini Mountains around Lake Mco;
the Sabatini Mountains around Lake Bracciano; Mt.
Soracte (2270 feet), standing solitary on the Tiber,
and the Tolfa Mountains (2000 feet) on the sea; these
are rich in alum. The .\lban Mountains, also of vol-
canic character, rise between the Rivers Tiber, Gari-
height. marks the principal axis of the A])ennine range,
(i) The Neapolitan Tyrrhenian Sub-Apennines are
formed of the groups of the Matese and of the Ter-
minio, and of the Avellino Mountains. The Matese
group, which is totally isolated, has its highest eleva-
tion in Mt. Miletto
(6700 feet) and con-
sists of two parallel
trunks that are very
close together, hav-
ing between them a
narrow height that
contains a small lake.
The group of the
Terminio (about
6000 feet high),
which contains Mt.
Accellica and Mt.
Cervialto, consti-
tutes one of the most
important oro-hy-
drographic points of
Southern Italy.
They abound in
springs, and from
them come the fresh
waters of the Serino
with which Naples
is supplied through
an aqueduct. Be-
tween the two above
gi-oups rise the Avellino Mountains that close the
Beneventana basin. These are groups that are
isolated by deep clefts, chief among them being
Mt. Vergine (4S00 feet) which has upon it a cele-
brated sanctuary, (j) The Neapolitan Tyrrhenian
Apennines. — This Anti-Apennine range extends in
the direction of the Roman Anti- Apennines, through
the volcanic group of Roccamonfina and of Mt. Mag-
giore, to the Volturno River. On the coast is the region
of Campi Flegrei, formed of small, extinct volcanoes;
then the active volcano Mt. Vesuvius (4070 feet), and
.after that the Lattari or Sorrento chain which forms
the peninsula of Sorrento and terminates at Campa-
nella Point, (k) The Neapolitan Adriatic .\nti-Apen-
nines consist of the Gargano group which is entirely
isolated and which differsfrom the Apennines in origin
and in nature. It projects into the Adriatic Sea (the
gliano, Sacco or Tolero, and the sea, with their highest Gargano Head) for 30 miles and the River Candelaro
elevation in Mt. Cavo (3100 feet) near Rome. Beyond now takes the place of the branch of the sea that for-
thegapof Velletri rise the Volscian Mountains, which merly separated this gi'oup from the peninsula. The
are of a calcareous nature and which extend to the elevation rises steep above that river and the Gulf of
Garigliano. They are divided into three groups: the Manfredonia, forming a series of forest -covered ter-
Lepini Mountains, containing Mt. Semprevisa (5000 races upon which stand dome-shaped summits, as Mt.
feet), the .\usonian Mountains, and the Aurunci Calvo (3460 feet), and sloping down towards the north
Mountains, which contain Mt. Petrella (5000 feet) and upon Lake Varano. From this side of Mt. Cornacchia
which form the promontory of Gacta. There are three (3S00 feet) the Capitanata Mountains branch towards
railroads that cross this section of the -Apennines; the the north and pass around the plain of .Vpulia on the
Chieti-Aquila-Terni-Roma. the Chicti-Solmona-.^vez- west. (1) Lucan .\pennines. — This is a chain that ex-
zano-Roma, and the .\quila-Isernia-Xaplps. tends from the Sella di Conza to the Scalone Pass and
TheSouthernApenninesarptlividedintothree parts: is bounded by the Sele River, the Ofanto with its af-
the branch that is formed by the Neapolitan and Lu- fluent the Locone, the Bradano and its affluent the
can Apennines, the true continuation of the Central Basentiello, the coast of the Gulf of Taranto, the Isth-
