JUAN
531
JUBILEE
brother of the Admiral Anne de Joyeuse and of the
E relate Francois de Joyeuse. As a young man, when e was known as the Comte de Bouchage, he felt at- tracted to the religious life and confided this desire to the guardian of the Cordeliers of Toulouse. But yielding to the pressure of his family he married Catherine de la Valette, sister of the Due d'Epernon; and he fought in Languedoc and Guienne against the Huguenots. His inclination for the religious life endured, howe\er, and he and his wife exchanged a promise that one of them should enter religion on the death of the other. Catherine died, and a few weeks later, 4 September, 15S7, Joyeuse received the habit in the convent of the Capuchins in the Rue Saint- Honore, Paris, from the hands of Father Bernard Dozimo, taking the name of Pere Ange. This step occasioned great stir. The "Venerable" P. Honore of Paris (Charles Bochart de Champigny) owed to the example of Joyeuse the impulse which] caused him to enter the cloister. When in October, 15S7, two brothers of Joyeuse were killed at Coutras, he over- came the strong temptation he felt to become a soldier again in order to avenge them. When, after the Day of Barricades (see Guise, House of), 12 May, 1.5S.S, the bourgeoisie anti people of Paris wished to recover the good graces of Henry III, who had sought refuge at Chartres, they sent as a first embassy a procession of Capuchins, at whose head was Pere Ange bearing a cross and flogged by two other monks, while the people implored mercy. On IS August, 15SS, P. Ange, in conformity with the Franciscan rule, drew up his will, which was afterwards ratified on the morrow by Henry HI, and which Father Ul^ald (d'Alengon) has recently recovered and published. This formality finished he was able to make his pro- fession in December, 15SS. He was sent to Italy to study theology.
In 1592 he was guardian of the Capuchins of Aries and on his way to Toulouse when his younger brother, Scipio de Joyeuse, drowned himself in the Tarn after the defeat of Villemur. The Cardinal de Joyeuse, the Parlement, and the clergy all thought of placing P. Ange in command of the troops against the Hugue- nots as Governor of Languedoc. The pope released him from his vows. The Capuchin who had once more become a soldier fought valiantly, and then assembled the States of Languedoc at Carcassonne to take measures for liringing about peace. He agreed with the Marechal de Montmorency, his godfather, on a truce of three years, which was soon followed by a general peace owing to the abjuration of Henry IV. Henry IV named him marshal of France, grand master of the wardrobe, and Governor of Languedoc. But after he had married his daughter to the Due de Montpensier, recalling the counsel given him in July, 1595, by his dying mother, and sensitive to the words of Henry IV who had called him an "unfrocked Capuchin", Joyeuse joined (8 February, 1599) the Capuchins in the Rue Saint-Honore. In 1600 he preached again at Paris, notably in Saint-Germain I'Auxerrois, before the king and the court. The discussions which then took place in the pulpit between Pere Brulart de Sillery and Pere Ange de Joyeuse on the inviolability of marriage, drew upon the Capuchins the displeasure of Henry IV, who had dissolved his marriage with Queen Margaret. In turn guardian of the convent of Toulouse, provincial of France, founder of the Capuchin convent at Nevers, guardian in Paris of the convent in the Rue Saint- Honor6 (1606) he went to Rome, in 160S, to attend the general chapter of his order. Here he was made definitor-general and, through the intervention of Cardinal de Givry, obtained permission to leave Rome, where the pope wished to retain him. Having set out 10 .\ugust, 1608, he was attacked by fever at Rivoli. He was buried in the church of the Capu- chins in the Rue Saint-Honor^. His biographer
Jacques Brousse has preserved some fragments of his
sermons. Bernard of Bologna, in the " Bibhotheca
script. Cap." (1747), mentionsoneof his works entitled
"Flamma divini amoris", which seems to have been
lost. The pleasantries of Voltaire's "Henriade"
with regard to the "warrior monk" have too often
caused the actual facts to be forgotten and have in-
flicted on an ardent and pious friar an obloquy not
sustained by historical truth.
Brottsse, La ine du Reverend Pere Ange de Joyeuse, etc. (P.'iris, 1621); De Callieres. Le courliaan pridestine, ou le due de Joyeuse capucin (Paris. 1662) ; Vie du R. P. de Joyeuse (by a Capuchin, Paris, 1863); Ubald d'Alencon, Le teslameni du P. Ange de Joyeuse in Eludes Franciscaines. VI (1901), 630-3S; De Lanmohez, Les Peres gardiens des Capueins du eouvent de la rue Saint-Honore a Paris in Bulletin de la Soeicte de VHistoire de Paris (1893). GEORGES GoY.iU.
Juan Bautista de Toledo, an eminent Spanish sculptor and architect; b. at Madrid (date not knowTi) ; d. there 19 May, 1567. In 1547 he went to Rome and studied under the influence of Michelangelo Buonar- roti. Afterwards he went to Naples, having been sent for by the Viceroy, Don Pietro de Toledo, who engaged him as architect to the emperor, Charles V. He de- signed and superintended many important works in that capital. Among others, the Strada di Toledo (since 1870 called Strada di Roma), the church of Santiago or S. Giacomo degli Spagnuoh; the square bastions to the Castello Nuovo; a large palazzo at Poselipo, or Pauselipo, and a number of fountains. In 1559, at the summons of PhiUp II, he went to Jlad- rid and was appointed architect-in-chief of the royal works in Spain. His yearly salary as architect to the Crown was at first not more than 220 ducats, Philip's policy, with his Spanish artists at least, being to assign them moderate allowances until he had tested their abilities. At Madrid he designed the Casa de la Misericordia and the facade of the church de las Des- calzas Reales ; works at .\ceca ; at the palace of Aran- juez ; at Martininos de las Posadas, the palace of Cardi- nal Espinosa, and a villa at Esteban de Ambran for the secretary D. de Vargas. Toledo soon began his plan for the Escorial, of which he saw the first stone laid on 2.3 .\pril, 1563, and he superintended the work till his death. He was generally considered an archi- tect of much merit, well-versed in philosophy, mathe- matics, and the belles-lettres, and endowed with all those qualities which Vitruvius considers necessary to form a good architect.
Stirling-Maxwell, Annals of the Artists of Spain (London, 1891): MluziA, Lives of Celebrated Arrhiteets; Dictionary of Architecture, issued by Architectural Publication Society (Lon- don). Thomas H. Pools.
Jubilate Sunday, the third Sunday after Easter, being so nametl from the first word of the Introit at Mass — "Jubilate Deo omnis terra" (ps. Ixv). In the liturgy for this and the two following Sundays, the Church continues her song of rejoicing in the Resurrection. Throughout the whole of Paschaltide both Office and Mass are expressive of Easter joy, Alleluia being added to every antiphon, responsory, and versiele, and repeated several times in the In- troits and other parts of the Mass. The Introit for this day is an invitation to universal joy; the Epistle exhorts all, especially penitents and the newly bap- tized, to obey loyally the powers that be and to show themselves worthy disciples of the Risen Christ; and the Gospel gives similar advice, encouraging us to bear patiently the trials of this life in view of the heavenly joys that are to come hereafter.
VvRAi^D. Rationale Divini Officii (Venice. 1568); Martene, De Antiq. Mon. Ritibus (Lyons. 1790); GufeRANOER, L'Annee Lilurgique, tr. Shepherd (Dublin. 1867); Leroset, Hist, el Symbolisme de la Liturgie (Paris, 1889).
G. Cyprian Alston.
Jubilee, Holy Ye.vr of. — The ultimate derivation of the word jubilee is disputed, but it is most prob-
