JULIUS
566
JUNGMANN
sanna in which he says that this fable is not in the
Hebrew, nor does dird toO irpivov irplaai koI airb tov ffx^trou
ax^<"'i<- agree with Hebrew etjTnology; against wlioni
Origen wrote a learned letter. There exists also an-
other letter of his to Aristides in which he discusses at
length the disagreement which seems to be in the
genealogy of the Saviour in Matthew and Luke."
Except for the wrong date (M. Aurelius) this account,
taken from Eusebius, represents very fairly what we
know of Africanus.
Fragments of the works in Routh, ReliquuE sacrw, II (2nd ea.. Oxford. 1846-48), 219-509; P. G., X, 35-108; Gelzer, Seilus Julius Africanus und die Byzanlinische Chronographie (Leipzig, 1898); Harnack, Geschichte der alt-christlichen Lit- leratur bis Eusebius, I (Leipzig, 1893), 507-513; Spitta, Der Brief des Julius Africanus an Aristides (Halle, 1877).
Adrian Fortescue.
Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn. See Echter
VON Mespelbrunn, Julius.
Jumieges, Benedictine Abbey of, situated on the north bank of the Seine, between Duclair and Caude- bec, in Normandy (Seine-Inf 6rieure) . The abbey was founded in 634 by St. Philibert, who had been the companion of Sts. Ouen and Wandrille at the Mero- vingian court. Phihbert became first abbot, but was later on, through the jealousy of certain enemies, obliged to leave Jumieges, and afterwards founded another monastery at Noirmoutier, where he died about 685. Under the second abbot, St. Achard, Jumieges flourished exceedingly and numbered within its walls nearly a thousand monks. Enjoying the patronage of the dukes of Normandy, the abbey be- came a great centre of religion and learning, its schools producing, amongst many other scholars, the national historian, William of Jumieges. It reached the zenith of its fame about the eleventh century, and was re- garded as a model of perfection for all the monasteries of the province. It was renowTied especially for its charity to the poor, being popularly called " Jumieges I'Aumonier". In the ninth century it was pillaged and burnt to the ground by the Normans, but was' rebuilt on a grander scale by William, Duke of Nor- mandy, surnamed Longue-Epce. The church was enlarged in 1256, and again restored in 1573. The abbots of Jumieges took part in all the great affairs of the Church and nation; one of them, Robert, became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1040; many others be- came bishops in France, and some were also raised to the cardinaUtial dignity. The fortunes of the abbey suffered somewhat through the English invasion of the fifteenth century, but it recovered and maintained its prosperity and high position until the whole province was devastated by the Huguenots and the Wars of Religion. In 1649, during the abbacy of Francis III, Jumieges was taken over by the Maurist Congregation, under which rule some of its former grandeur was resuscitated. The French Revolution, however, closed its career as a monastery, and only its majestic ruins now remain to show what it was in the days of its splendour. These comprise the church, with its Ijeautiful twin towers and western facade, and por- tions of the cloisters and library. The contents of the latter were removed to Rouen when the abbey was suppressed.
.\Iabillon, Annates O. S. B. (Paris, 1703-39); Ste-Marthe, Gallia Christiana, XI (Paris, 1759); Deshayes, Hist, deVabbaye royale de Jumii'ges (Rouen, 1829); Migne, Diet, des Abbayes (Paris, 1856); Chevalier, Topo-bibliographie (Montb(51iard, 1894-1902), s. v.; PonpAHDiN, Les abbayes de S. Philibert (Paris, 1905); Beaunier, Receuil Historique (Paris, 1906); David, Les Grandes Abbayes d'Occident (Lille. 1907). There is a plan of the abbey, as it was before destruction, in Monasticon Gallicanum, ed. Delisle (Paris, 1871).
G. Cyprian Alston.
Jungmann, Bernard, dogmatic theologian and ec- cli-si;istionl liistorian, b. at Miinster in Westphalia, 1 M:ircli, 1833; d. at Louvain, 12 .J.an., 1895. He be- longed to an intensely Catholic family of Westphalia; like him, two of his brothers entered the service of the
Church, one joining the Society of Jesus and the other
becoming a missionary in the United States. After
finishing liis stmlies with brilliant success at the pub-
lic schools of his native town, he entered the German
College at Rome through the mediation of the bishop's
secretary, afterwards Cardinal Melchers, and made
his philosophical and theological studies in the tlre-
gorian College. In 1854 he received the degree of Doc-
tor of Philosophy ; he was ordained priest in Rome on
S June, 1857, and two years later received the degree
of Doctor of Theology. He then returned to Germany,
and worked for a short time as chaplain in the church
of St. Adelgunde at Emmerich. Bishop Malou of
Bruges, who chanced to be present in Rome in 1854
when Jungmann made his public defence of the pliilo-
sopliical theses, called him in September, 1861, to the
chair of philosophy in the Petit Simiyiaire at Roulers.
Four years later (1865) he became professor of theol-
ogy in the ecclesiastical seminary at Bruges. Even at
Roulers, while performing his duties as teacher, he be-
gan that literary activity, which was thenceforth ever
associated with his professorial duties. His appoint-
ment to the chair of ecclesiastical history at Louvain,
in succession to Wouters, opened in 1871 a wider field
for his great abihty. A keen intellect with powers of
clear exposition, joined to the spirited dehvery which
distinguished his lectures, ensured him great success.
He enlarged the field of ecclesiastico-historical studies
by dehvering special lectures on patrology, and estab-
lishing in 1890 a seminary for ecclesiastical history,
in which students were to receive a scientific and
methodical training in original historical research.
Jungmann remained to the end of his life a profes- sor at Louvain, declining the honour of a call to be professor of dogmatic theology in the newly founded Catholic University at Washington. He was seized with a fit of apoplexy at the burial of a colleague, and died at Louvain in 1895. His activity as a writer was equal to his energy as a lecturer. As professor of phi- losophy he wrote " Demonstratio Christiana. I. De- monsti-ationis christianfe pra-ambula philosophica" (Roulers, 1864; 2nd ed., 1867). In the domain of the- ology he wTote his " Institutiones theologise dogmat- icEB specialis " in five tracts, widely used and much ap- preciated for their clear style: "De Gratia" (Bruges, 1866; 5th ed., Ratisbon, 1882) ; " De Deo uno et trino" (Bruges, 1867; 4th ed., Ratisbon, 1882); "De Deo Creatore" (Bruges, 1868; 4th ed., Ratisbon, 1883); "De Verbo incarnato" (Bruges, 1869; 4th ed., Ratis- bon, 1884); "De quattuor novissimis" (Ratisbon, 1871; 3rd ed., 1885). He WTote also the "Institu- tiones theologise dogmatics generalis" (Bruges, 1871; 4th ed., Ratisbon, 1886). In church liistory he first re-edited Wouter's "Historian ecclesiasticse compen- dium" (3 vols., Louvain, 1879), and later published special studies, particularly on theological controver- sies and on the papacy: " Dissertatipnes selects? in historiamecclesiasticam" (5 vols., Ratisbon, 1880). In patrology he issued Fessler's excellent "Institutiones Patrologiaj" in a new and much enlarged edition (2 vols., Innsbruck. 1890, 1892,1896). He contril>uted nu- merous articles to German and French journ;ds. partic- ularly worthy of mention being: " Die neue franziisische Fortschrittsphilosophie " in the "Katholik" (Mainz, 1S65); "Die hi. MartjTer von Gorkum", ibid. (1867); "Clemens V. und die Aufhebung des Templerordens" in the " Zeitschrift fur kath. Theologie " (Innsbruck, 1881); " Le caractere moral de Luther "in "La Contro- verse" (1883).
Annuaire deWnirersilf catholique de Lourain (1896). appen- dixes iii-xx bv Abbeloos; xxi-xli bv Dupont. Universite ca- tholi^ue de Louvain. Bibliographie 1S34-I900 (Louvain, 1900), 63-5.
J. P. KiRSCH.
Jungmann, Josef, b. 12 Nov., 1830, at Münster, Westphalia; d. at Innsbruck, 25 Nov., 1885. In 1850 he entered the German College at Rome, and was
