KILWARDBT
644
KILWINNING
miles to the west of it, tiie White Canons of St. Nor-
bert established in 1237 or 1239 the Abbey of Holy
Trinity. It was confiscated in 1.570. A beautifully
carved doorway, transferred from its ruins, now
adorns the vestry of Kilmore Protestant cathedral,
the memorial church of the Anglican bishop Be-
dell.
The Protestant cathedral and episcopal palace and gardens are located on the sites once sanctified by St. Fedlemid and St. Columbcille. At Mounterconnaught, at Ballylinch in Kilmore, and also at Drumlumman there existed as late as the seventeenth century hospitals for the poor. They were dissolved, says Archdall, though chargeable with no crime but that of being endowed; in 1605 they were granted by King James I to Sir Edward Moore, ancestor of the Earls of Drogheda. Kilraainham Wood, County Meath, a preceptory belonging to the Knights Tem- plars, was erected by the Preston family some time in the thirteenth century. On the shores of Lough Melvin in Ballaghameehan, Leitrim, St. Tighernagh founded a convent for his mother St. Mella, who died before 7S7. ItwasknownasDoiremelle. He also built for himself the monastery of Killachad somewhere in County Cavan. On Church Island in the lake just mentioned St. Sinell (d. 548), St. Patrick's bell-foun- der, had a retreat called Kildareis. Finally on Lack- agh mountain, near Drumkeeran, St. Natalis (d. 563) foundetl the monastery of Kilnaile, whose beehive cells may still be traced on the bleak mountain top amid the rocks and brown heather.
The Catholic population of the diocese in 1901 num- bered 109,319 — a decline of nearly one-third since the census of 1S71 — ^and its non-Catholic population^ 24,- 447, a somewhat greater decrease. It has 42 parishes, and usually 104 or 105 priests. St. Patrick's College, Cavan, opened by Dr. Conaty in 1S74, replaces St. Augustine's Seminary, established by Dr. Browne in 1839; it is one of the finest diocesan buildings in Ireland. The Poor Clares, brought to Cavan town in 1861, care for an industrial school or orphanage. In 1872 they established a second convent at Ballyjames- duff. The Sisters of Mercy have convents at Beltur- bet, Ballinamore, and Cootehill. All the communities are in charge of technical and primary schools. In- termediate schools for boys are at Manorhamilton and Ballyjamesduff. The Most Rev. Andrew Boylan, C.SS.R. (b. 1842), a native of the diocese, conse- crated Bishop of Kilmore in 1907, died on 25 March, 1910.
Healy, Life of si. Patrick (Dublin, 1907); Brady. Episcopal Succession in England, Ireland and Scotland, I (Rome, 1876), 167-70; Walsh, Irish Hierarchy (Dublin, 1S54), 83-84; Cot- ton, Fasti Eccl. Hibern., Ill, 154-56; V, 228.
Joseph Meeiian.
Kilwardby, Robert, Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardinal-Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina, died at Viterbo, 11 Sept., 1279. Nothing is known of his birth or early life, except that he studied at Paris and probably Oxford. For many years he taught gram- mar and logic at Paris with special success, devoting particular attention to the development of the use of the syllogism, during which time he composed nu- merous treatises on grammar and philosophy. Of these the work "De divisione scientiarum" was widely studied, as is evidenced by the numerous MS. copies still extant. Later in life he also wrote some theolog- ical works: "De pa.ssione Christ! ", " De sacramento altaris", and some commentaries on Scripture. Feel- ing called to the Order of Preachers, he aliandoned his secular career and became a Dominican, devoting himself to theology and the stutly of the Soriiitures and the Fathers. In 1261 he was chosen provincial of his order in England, an ofTice which he held till 1272. Shortly after he ceased to lie prnviTiei:il lie was chosen by Pope firegory X to fill th(! See of Canterbury, which had then been vacant for two years. As arch-
bishop-elect he, together with other nobles and prel-
ates, proclaimed Edward I as King of England on the
death of Henry III, and appointed a regency to govern
the kingdom till the new king returned from the Cru-
sades. He was consecrated at Canterbury on 26
Feb., 1273, by the Bishop of Bath and Wells, William
Bytton, the pope having allowed him to nominate the
consecrating prelate. On 8 May he received the
pallium, and he was enthroned at Canterbury in Sep-
tember of the same year, he being the first friar to
become metropolitan.
As archbishop he showed little interest in politics, but was very energetic in the administration of his spiritual duties. Having held a convocation in Lon- don, he entered upon a thorough visitation of the province. This was interrupted in 1274, as he had to leave England to attend the Council of Lyons. Here he distinguished himself as an ardent supporter of the pope's authority, and his own reputation as a great master of theology added weight to his advocacy. On his return to England he resumed his canonical visitation, travelling through the large dioceses of Winchester and Lincoln. In 1276 he visited the University of Oxford, where he condemned several errors, deprived masters who held erroneous opinions, and took other measures for safeguarding purity of doctrine. In the same year (16 June, 1276) he had the consolation of attending the translation of the relics of St. Richard at Chichester, whose life he had encouraged his brother Dominican, Ralph Bocking, to write. As primate he held two important provincial synods in 1273 and 1277, in which the lower clergy were granted fuller representation than had formerly been allowed. In his private life he was noted for his sanctity, his charity to the poor, and his success as a peacemaker. He was a great benefactor of his own order, and bought the site for a Dominican house at Castle Barnanl in London. In 1278 Pope Nicholas III nominated Kilwardby as Cardinal-Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina, and on 25 July he left Eng- land for Italy, taking with him all the registers and archives of Canterbury Cathedral. This unfortunate loss has never been recovered, and the earliest records of the see are those of his successor Archbishop Peck- ham, who vainly endeavoured to recover the lost papers. The change of life was too severe for an old man, and he fell ill shortly after joining the papal court at Viterbo. There he died in the following year and was buried in the convent of his own order.
QuETIF AND EcHARD, Scriptores Ordinis Preedicatorum, I, 374- 380; Hook, Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury (London, 1860-84); Williams, Lives of the English Cardinals (London, 1868); Tout in Diet. Nat. Biog., s. v.; Chevalier, Rl-pertoire des sources historiques du moyen dge (Paris. 1905).
Edwin Burton.
Kilwinning, Benedictine Abbey of, in Ayrshire, Scotland, in tlie town of the same name, where a church was said to have been founded early in the eighth century by St. Winning. Winning has been identified by some scholars with St. Finnan of Moville, an Irish saint of much earlier date; other authorities say he was a Welshman, called Vynnyn, while the Aberdeen Breviary (pulilished 1507) gives Scotland as his birthplace. What is certain is that there was a Christian church at Kilwinning, and also a monastery of Culdees, several centuries before tlie foundation of the Benedictine house by Hugh de Morville, Con- stable of Scotland, and a great territorial magnate of the district, somewhere between 1140 and 1162. Timothy Pont, who had seen the cartulary of the ab- bey, now lost, and who wrute in 16(IS, gives 1171 as the date, and Richard de Morxille (one of the mur- derers of St. Thomas of ('anterl)ury) as the founder; but the weight of evidence is in favour of Hugh and the earlier date. " The structure of this monastery ", says Pont, " was soliil and grate, all of freestone cutte, the church fair and staitly after ye modell of yat of
