KINGS
655
KINGS
phalasar. Conquest of Israelitish territory by The-
glathphalasar.
(5) 731-0 (?) B. c. " Pakacha", i. e. Phacee (Hebr. Pehach), is killed, and "Ausi", i.e. Osee, is set over Israel by Theglathphalasar.
(6) 722-1 B. c. Samaria is taken possession of, in the early part of Sargon's reign, by the Assyrians.
B. From Scripture. —
(1) Towards the end of Solomon's reign, Jeroboam I fled into Egypt to Sesac. In the fifth year of the reign of Roboam, Jerusalem was plundered by the same Sesac (III Kings, xi, 40; xiv, 25). Sesac I probably reigned about 940-19 B. c.
(2) In, or shortly before, the fifteenth year of Asa's reign, "Zara the Ethiopian" {Hehr. Zerach) declared war against Asa [II Par. (A. V. II Chron.), xiv, 9; cf. XV, 10 sqq.]. Some commentators think that Zara was a king of Egypt, namely, Osorkon I or II. The first was the successor of Sesac I. The second cannot be placed chronologically.
(3) Benadad II (III Kings, xx, 1), the contempo- rary of Salmanasar II, was contemporary with Achab and Jorara of Israel. Joram died during the reign of Benadad's successor, Hazael. According to Assyrian sources, Benadad was, in 846, still King of Syria.
(4) Hazael, who, according to Assyrian inscriptions, was already ruling in 842, was contemporary with Jehu, Joas of Juda, and Joachaz of Israel (IV Kings, xiii, 22). In 803, Ramman-nirari III conquered Damascus under the Syrian King Mari, who was possi- bly the Biblical Benadad (III), contemporary of Joas of Israel (ibid., v. 25).
(5) Manahem honours Phul, King of the Assyrians,
ninth of Osee, is taken by the Assyrians (IV Kings,
xvii, 5, 6; xviii, 10, 11). Salmanasar reigned from
January, 726, to January, 721. Sua (or Scve), men-
tioned in IV Kings, xvii, 4, as " king of Egypt", is not
identified with certainty. Some think him to be
Sabaka, whose chronology, as also that of Theraca
(IV ffings, xix, 9), has not been determined. Under
Sargon of Assyria is mentioned, in the year 707, one
Sib'u, orSib'e, as" prince [/»rtan, or sultan] of Musri ".
(10) Ezechias received, in or shortly after his four- teenth year, an embassy from Merodach-Baladan (D. V. Berodach Baladan), who was King of Babylon from 721 to 710, and again, for 9 months, in 703. See IV Ivings, XX, 1, 6, 12.
(11) Sennacherib of Assyria besieged Ezechias at Jerusalem. The date given for this event, "in the fourteenth year of King Ezechias" (IV Kings, xviii, 13; and Is., xxxvi, 1) is either misplaced or incorrect. The event took place, according to IV Kings, xx, 6, after the recovery of Ezechias in his fourteenth year (i. e. fifteen years before his death), and after the ar- rival of the Babylonian embassy.
(12) Death of Josias in a combat with Nechao, King of Egypt (IV Kings, xxiii, 29). Nechao (Necho II) ascended the throne in 610.
(13) Battle near Carchemish (Chareamis, Karche- mis) between Xechao and Nabuchodonosor of Baby- lon in the fourth year of Joakim (.Jer., .xlvi, 2; cf. xxv, 1 : and IV Kings, xxiv, 1). According to the account of Berosus in Fla\'ius Josephus, Nabuchodonosor, after having slaughtered the Egj-ptian army near Carchemish, marched on to Syria and Palestine in order to invade Egj'pt. Arrived at the confines of
KINGS OF ISRAEL
Reference
King
Length of Reign
yrs.
22
2 24
2
12 22 2 12
28
17 16 41
10 2 20
m03. d.
II Par ix 30
Nadab
II Par., xiii. 1-2
Ela
-
II Par., XX. 31
Amri
II Par., xxv. 1
II Par., xxvii. 1.8
Jeroboam II
6
1
Osee
H Par., xxxvi. 9
II Par., xxxvi, 11
23 Joas of Juda
20 Joatliam
12 Achaz until
6 Ezechias = 9
Bible Reference
III Kings, xiv, 20
III Kings, XV. 25
III Kings. XV. 33
III Kings, xvi, 8
III Kings, xvi, 10. 15
III Kings, xvi. 23
III Kings, xvi, 29
III Kings, xxii, 52
IV Kings, iii. 1 IV Kings, i, 17 IV Kings, ix, 27; x
IV Kings, xiii, 1 IV Kings, xiii, 10 IV Kings, xiv, 23 IV Kings, XV, 8 IV Kings, XV, 13 IV Kings, XV, 17 IV Kings, XV, 23 IV Kings, XV, 27 IV Kings, XV, 30 IV Kings, xvii, 1 IV Kings, xvii, 6;
36
with presents (IV Kings, xv, 19-20). That Phul is
identical with Theglathphalasar III is apparent
enough from the fact that, in the year 729, accord-
ing to Assyrian inscriptions, Tukultiapalisarra, and
Babylonian inscriptions Pulu, becomes King of Bal^y-
lon, and that this same king, according to the same
sources, died in 727.
(6) Phacee and Rasin, King of Syria, besiege Achaz at Jerusalem (IV Kings, xvi, 5). Achaz calls Theg- lathphalasar to liis assistance (ibid., v. 8).
(7) Damascus is taken by Theglathphalasar, and Rasin is killed (IV Kings, xvi, 9). Achaz visits Theglathphalasar at Damascus (ibid., v. 10).
(8) Theglathphalasar, during the reign of Phacee, takes possession of Israel's territory. Phacee is con- spired against and slain by Osee, and the latter be- comes king (IV Kings, xv, 29, 30).
(9) Salmanasar beleaguers Samaria, which, in the third year of the siege, the sixth of Ezechias, and the
this country, he received the news of the death of his
father, Nabopolassar. Returning to Babel to assume
his administration, he confided the Jewish, Phoeni-
cian, and Syrian prisoners of war to the chiefs of his
army. In consequence of this Juda also rose in revolt
against him (cf. II Par., x.xxvi, 6; and Dan., i, 1).
Nabopolassar died in the beginning of the simimer of
605 B. c. The fourth year of Joakim is, in Jer., xxv, 1,
designated as the first year of Xaliuchodonosor, and,
according to v. 3 of the same, was the twenty-third
after the thirteenth year of Josias.
(14) Nabuchodonosor takes Joachin (Jechonias) as a prisoner to Babylon, according to Jer., Iii, 28, in the seventh, according to IV Kings, xxiv, 12, in the eighth, year of his reign. Chapter Hi, 28-34, in Jeremias, follows the Babylonian manner of dating (post-dat- ing), whereas the other texts count the initial year of any reign as the first. ."According to Babylonian dat- ing, the first year of Nabuchodonosor was 604, but,
