servant from instant death was sufficient evidence. Convinced by this speech, the Saxons promised hence forth to respect the rights of Christianity. On his return to Friesland, Lebwin rebuilt the church at De- venter, and found there his last resting-place. That he died before 776 is certain, since in that year the Saxons made a fresh inroad into the district and burnt the church, but, in spite of the most careful search for three days, were unable to discover the saint's body. St. Ludger (q. v.) rebuilt the church a few years later, and found the saint's remains. Lebwin is commem- orated by the Church on 12 November.
The principal sources for Lebwin's biography are: HUCBALD (918-76), Vila 8. Lebuini in SURIUS, Vita SS., VI, 277-86, and in abbreviated form in Mon. Germ. SS., II, 360-4; tr. in CRESSY, Church History of Brittany, XXIV, vii; RADBOD, Ecloga et Sermo (on Lebwin) in SURIUS, VI, 839; ALTFRID, Vita Liut- geri in Mon. Germ. SS., II, 360 sqq. For further bibliography see GAMMACK in Dict. Christ. Biog., s. v. Leluinus.
THOMAS KENNEDY.
Le Camus, EMILE-PAUL-CONSTANT-ANGE, preacher, theologian, scripturist, Bishop of La Rochelle and Saintes, b. at Paraza, France, 24 August, 1839; d. at Malvisade, near Castelnaudary, France, 28 Septem- ber, 1906. He made his preparatory studies at Car- cassonne, and then entered the theological seminary of St-Sulpice at Paris. In 1861 he went to Rome, where he received his doctorate in theology, and in the following year, 20 December, 1862, he was ordained priest at Carcassonne, France. He at once revealed remarkable oratorical powers, and in 1867 he was in- vited to preach the Lenten sermons at Avignon, for which he was made honorary canon. This same hon- our was again conferred upon him somewhat later by Mgr Las Cazes, Bishop of Constantine (Algeria), who also chose Le Camus as his theologian at the Vatican Council. In 1875 Le Camus was appointed assistant director of the Dominican school at Sorez, France, but soon after he became head of the new school of St. Francis de Sales, which he established at Castelnau- dary. Here he laboured until 1887, when he resigned his position as director in order to devote himself ex- clusively to the study of the New Testament. To equip himself properly for this study, and especially to study the topography of the Holy Land, he made his first journey to the East in the following year (1888). This was followed by several other visits, and the re- sults of his travels and studies were published at var- ious times. While pursuing his Scriptural studies, Le Camus also found time to preach several ecclesias- tical retreats at Lyons, Montpellier, Paris, and Rome. In 1897 he was elected theological canon of Carcas sonne, and on 6 April, 1901, he received his appoint- ment as Bishop of La Rochelle and Saintes. He was consecrated at Carcassonne, 2 July, 1901, by Cardinal Lecot. Even as bishop, Le Camus continued his work on the New Testament, and also published several let- ters and pamphlets on ecclesiastical topics.
His more important works are: "La Vie de Notre- Seigneur Jésus-Christ", 3 vols., 6th ed., 1901 (trans- lated into English, German, and Italian); "Voyages aux Sept Eglises de l'Apocalypse"; "Notre Voyage aux Pays Bibliques", 3 vols., 1889-90; "L'Œuvre des Apôtres", 3 vols., 1905; "Les Enfants de Nazareth"; "Vraie et Fausse Exégèse"; "Lettre sur la Formation Ecclésiastique des Séminaristes"; "Lettre réglant la réorganization des études ecclésiastiques"; "Mé moire addressé à MM. les députés membres de la Commission des Congrégations".
Bulletin Trimestriel des Anciens Elèves de St-Sulpice, n. xliii (15 Nov., 1906), 450-54; New York Review, II, n. iii, 496; II, vi, 773-80. F. X. E. ALBERT.
Le Camus, ETIENNE, French cardinal, b. at Paris, 1632; d. at Grenoble, 1707. Through the influence of his father, Nicolas le Camus, a state councillor, he was when still very young attached to the court as al- moner of the king, and enjoyed the friendship of Bos- suet. The Sorbonne made him doctor of theology at the age of eighteen. The fact of his consorting with such men as Benserade, Vivonne, and Bussy drew upon him the severity of Mazarin, and he was for a while exiled to Meaux. Recalled through the in- fluence of Colbert, he retired in 1665 to La Trappe with de Rancé, and passed from his former levity to an asceticism that led him to Port-Royal. The publica- tion of his letters by Ingold shows that Jansenism was with Le Camus more a matter of personal sympathy and spiritual discipline than of doctrinal tenets. Made against his will Bishop of Grenoble in 1671, he proved himself zealous almost to excess in reforming abuses in his diocese. In the affair of the "régale" he acted as intermediary between Rome and Versailles, and showed creditable courage before the omnipotent Louis XIV. Innocent XI, having made him cardinal instead of Harlay, presented by the king, he was not allowed till 1689 to go to Rome to receive the insignia of his dignity. Le Camus founded in the Diocese of Grenoble two seminaries and several charitable insti- tutions. Besides a "Recueil d'ordonnances syno- dales" we have from him the "Défense de la Virginité perpétuelle de la Mère de Dieu" (Paris, 1680), and numerous letters published by Ingold.
BELLET, Histoire du Cardinal Le Camus (Paris, 1886); SAINTE- BEUVE, Port-Royal, IV (Paris, 1901), 528; ST-SIMON, Mémoires (ed. HACHETTE), IV, 59, to be corrected by LALOUETTE, Abrégé de la vie de M. le Cardinal Le Camus (Paris, 1720); INGOLD, Lettres du Card. Le Camus in Bulletin de l'Académie Delphinoise, 2nd series, I. J. F. SOLLIER.
Le Caron, JOSEPH, one of the four pioneer mission- aries of Canada and first missionary to the Hurons (q. v.), b. near Paris in 1586; d. in France, 29 March, 1632. He embraced the ecclesiastical state and was chaplain to the Duke of Orléans. When that prince died, Le Caron joined the Recollects and made his profession in 1611. On 24 April, 1615, he sailed from Honfleur, reached Canada on 25 May, and immedi- ately went to Sault St. Louis. After a short time he travelled to Quebec, provided himself with a portable altar service, returned to the Sault, and went into the land of the Hurons, being the first to visit their settle- ments and preach the Gospel. He stayed with them about a year, and was again among them in 1623. In 1616 he returned to France to look after the spiritual and material interests of the colony. The following spring saw him in Canada again, as provincial com- missary. During the winters of 1618 and 1622 he evangelized the Montagnais of Tadousac. In 1625 he was once more in France, returned to Canada a year later, was elected superior of his order at Quebec, and filled this office until the capture of Quebec by the English in 1629, when he and his colleagues were sent back to France by the conquerors.
Le Caron was a saintly man, given to the practice of austerities, but gentle towards others. He died of the plague in the convent of Ste-Marguerite in France. We owe to him the first dictionary of the Huron lan- guage. The "Bibliotheca Universa Franciscana" of Jean de S. Antoine, II (Madrid, 1732), 243, says on the evidence of Arturus in his "Martyrologium Fran- ciscanum" under date of 31 August, that Le Caron wrote also "Quærimonia Novæ Francia" (Complaint of New France).
Histoire chronol. de la province de St-Denis (Bibl. Nat., Paris); Mortuologe des Récollets de la province de St-Denis (late seven- teenth-century MS., in the archives of Quebec seminary); CHAMPLAIN, Euvres, ed. LAVERDIERE (6 vols.. Quebec, 1870); SAGARD, Histoire du Canada, ed. TROSS (4 vols., Paris, 1866); LD- CLERCQ, Premier Etablissement de la Foi dans la Nouvelle France (2 vols., Paris, 1691). OPORIC-M. Jouve.
Lecce, DIOCESE OF (LICIENSIS), suffragan of Otranto. Lecce, the capital of a province in Terra d'Otranto in Apulia, seven and a half miles from the sea, is an industrial and commercial city (tobacco, grain, wine, oil, woven goods). Marble quarries are
