swallowed; it is used in cases of protracted labour where complications have set in.
T'ao (桃) fu, the peach-wood charm, which is hung up on the outside of the chief door of the house on the last day of the Chinese year, is simply a slip of peach-wood, but is widely used, being considered very effectual in driving away demons.
Ai (艾) fu, the artemisia charm, is used on the 5th of the 5th moon; it is a bunch of artemisia hung over the door of the dwelling-house to ward off evil.
Shan chi chao fu, the pheasant and mirror charm; a picture of a pheasant is hung in the house opposite a mirror, and when the demon comes and looks into the mirror he sees the pheasant, fears being pecked from behind and forthwith flees. This is said to be a very ancient charm.
T'ai shan shih kan tang (泰山石敢當) fu, the T'ai shan charm, or the stone warden charm. A stone from Mount T'ai in Shantung is believed to have great power in warding off demons, though any local hard stone may be used; on it will be written the above characters, "The stone from Mount T'ai dares to oppose." It is used on the streets especially at quick turnings where demons are likely to strike against it. It is largely used in country dwelling-houses and on public roads.
K'ai Pien fu, the open-heaven charm, used in divination when the heavens are slow in response to the prayers of the family.
Chieh hui (解穢) fu, the purification charm, is used to purify an impure well or filthy water buckets, the charm being burned and the ashes dropped into these places. It is also used in silkworm culture at times when the silkworms become yellow instead of white, the ashes being scattered over them.
P'o yü (破獄) fu, the open-hell charm, used at wakes to burst open the gates of Hades and release the imprisoned soul. Then the call-spirit charm 招魂 chao hun fu is used, to help the soul out of Hades.
Lien hua (煉化) fu, the purge or purifying charm; also called the suicide charm. If anyone threatens to commit
