146 CHRISTIAN GREECE AND LIVING GREEK. We learn from Olivier that in Crete the Turks are more than anywhere else given, upon the slightest pretext, to either killing a Greek with their own hands or sending him to execution. The most convenient medium for the extor- tions of the Turkish governors was the khar- adsh. Every ray a, says Eton, that is, every subject who is not of the Mohammedan reli- gion) is allowed only the cruel alternative of death or tribute, capitation tax. The very words of the formula given to the Christian subjects paying the kharadsh, or capitation tax, import that the sum of money received is taken as a com- pensation for being permitted to wear their heads that.year. ( Mohammedan jurisprudence recognizes be- tween Mohammedan and non-Mohammedan na- tions but one category of relations — that of jdjehad or holy war. By the sacred law all giaours (Christian dogs) are under the ban. Yet, although devoted to destruction, they may be spared for a season, whenever this is to the advantage of Islam. That these principles of law are in force in Turkey to this very day is fully shown in a most scientific article by Pro- fessor A. D. F. Hamlin which appeared in The Forum, July, 1897. This paper of Professor
