BUBROUGHS 254 BURTOIT dent's League. He afterward carried on art studies in Paris and Florence. He won silver medals at the Buffalo and Pittsburgh Expositions. He was curator of paintings at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and was associate at the National Academy. BURBOTTGHS, JOHN, an American essayist and descriptive writer, born in Roxbury, N. Y., April 3, 1837. He be- came a clerk in the Treasury Depart- ment and subsequently a National Bank Examiner. In 1874 he settled on a farm in New York State and has since de- JOHN BURROUGHS voted himself to nature study and liter- ature. His books on rural themes in- clude, "Wake Robin" (1871); "Winter Sunshine" (1875) ; "Birds and Poets" (1877); "Locusts and Wild Honey" (1879); "Pepacton; Notes of a Walker" (1881); "Fresh Fields" (1884); "Signs and Seasons" (1886) ; and "Sharp Eves" (1888) ; "Far and Near" (1904) ; "Ways of Nature" (1905) ; "Bird and Bough" (1906); "The Summer of the Years" (1913); "Field and Study" (1919); etc. He also wrote "Notes on Walt Whitman" (1867); and "Whitman: a Study" (1897) ; contributed frequently to various magazines. He died on March 29, 1921. BURSLEM, a town of England, in Staffordshire, in the center of "The Potteries." Here is the Wedgwood Memorial Institute, comprising a free library, a museum, and a school of art, erected in honor of Josiah Wedgwood, who was born at Burslem in 1730. Burslem has extensive manufactures of china and earthenware, in which trade and coal mining the inhabitants are chiefly employed. Pop. about 45,000. BUBTON, MABION LEROY, an American educator, born in Brooklyn, la., in 1874. He graduated from Carle- ton College in 1900 and took post-gradu- ate studies at Yale. After teaching at several institutions he became assistant professor at Yale in 1907. He was pastor of the Church of the Pilgrims at Brooklyn in the following year, and in 1900 was elected president of Smith College. He held this position until 1917, when he was chosen president of the University of Minnesota. In July, 1920, he became president of the University of Michigan. He was a trustee of the Carnegie Foundation and was a member of many learned societies. He was the author of "The Problem of Evil" (1909) ; "First Things" (1915) ; "On Being Divine" (1916). BUBTON, BICHABD (EUGENE), an American poet and educator, born in Hartford, Conn., March 14, 1859. He graduated from Trinity College, Hart- ford, and took a degree at Johns Hop- kins University. He was active as ed- itor of various publications and was head of the English department at the Uni- versity of Minnesota from 1898-1902. and again since 1906. His published poems are "Dumb in June" (1895) : "Memorial Day" (1897) ; "Message and Melody" (1903) ; "From the Book of Life" (1909) ; etc. He also wrote sev- eral volumes of essays, plays, and fiction. BUBTON, SIR RICHARD FRANCIS, an English Orientalist and explorer, born in Hertfordshire, March 19, 1821. He was an officer of the Indian army, for several years engaged in surveys for public works; in this pursuit he learned the languages, habits, beliefs of many races. Obtaining leave of absence, he went to Mecca and Medina in the guise of a Mohammedan devotee; after- ward he made extensive explorations in Africa, Brazil, Syria, Iceland; visited the United States twice and traversed the country from Atlantic to Pacific. His books of travel include "Pilgrimage to El Medinah," "Highlands of Brazil," "Gold Coast," "City of the Saints," "Un^ explored Palestine." He translated into English from the Arabic, "The Thousand Nights and a Night," and "The Scented Garden," a collection of stories left in MS. and never published. He wrote a "Life of Camoens," with translation
