BUSHEL 256 BUSTARD diving into a thicket. The commonest species is the duyker (C. merge-ns) , liv- ing in pairs in the bushy districts of south Africa. BUSHEIi, a measure of capacity used for grain; or what is called dry measure. It contains 64 pints, 32 quarts, or 4 pecks. In the United States it is equal to 2150.42 cu, in., in Great Britain to 2218.2 cu. in. BUSHIRE, or ABUSHEHR ("father of cities," also variously written Bushahr; in Persian, Bendershehr) , a port of Persia, on a sandy peninsula on the E. shore of the Persian Gulf, in the province of Fars. The climate is most unwholesome. It is the land terminus of the Indo-European telegraph line. It has lost much of its former importance as a trade center, its harbor being neither deep nor safe. Pop. about 2,000. BUSHMEN, a nomadic race of Africa. They are a thin, wiry people, poor and debased near the coast, but greatly im- proved further inland. They recognize no king or chief, build no houses, have no cattle or goats, do not till the soil, and wear skins for clothing. Their language has a rough, clicking sound, and they resemble the Hottentots. BUSHNELL, HORACE, an American clergjrman, born near Litchfield, Conn., in 1802. He was pastor of a Congrega- tional Church in Hartford until 1859. His numerous works on religion, the- ology, and morals, and other topics, include "Christian Nurture," "God in Christ," "Christ in Theology," "The Vicarious Sacrifice," "Nature and the Supernatural," "Forgiveness and Law," "Moral Tendencies and Results of Hu- man History," "The Character of Jesus," "Work and Play," "Christ and His Salva- tion," "Politics the Law of God," etc. He died in Hartford, Conn., Feb. 17, 1876. BUSHRANGERS, in Australia, origi- nally convicts from the English penal stations who took to the bush and be- came robbers. The thickly wooded moun- tainous districts afforded them protec- tion, and they soon established a reign of terror. They became so strong that the government had to adopt the most stringent measures to suppress them. BUSIRIS, a town of ancient Egypt, in the Delta, the chief place where the rites of Osiria were celebrated. The name is also given as that of a mythical Egyptian King. BUSONI, FERRUCOIO BENVENUTO, an Italian pianist and composer, born near Florence, in 1866. He received his chief musical education from his father and mother, who were both talented musicians. He won prizes for compo- sition and piano playing and was ap- pointed professor at the Conservatory of Moscow. From 1891 to 1893 he taught at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston. He removed in 1894 to Berlin, and in the year following made extensive concert tours through Europe and the United States. He was considered to be one of the masters oF the piano. In 1913 he was appointed director of the Conservatory of Bologna. His musical compositions have great merit. BUST, in sculpture, the representation of that portion of the human figure which comprises the head and the upper part of the body. During the literary period of Greece the portrait busts of the learned formed an important branch of art, and in this way we come to possess faithful likenesses of Socrates, Plato, Demosthenes, etc., in which the artists show great power of expressing the character of those represented. The number of busts belonging to the time of the Roman Empire is very consider- able, but those of the Roman poets and men of letters have not been preserved in nearly so large numbers as those of the Greeks. The first bust that can be depended upon as giving a correct like- ness is that of Scipio Africanus the Elder. BUSTAMANTE, ANASTASIO, a Mexican statesman and revolutionist, born in Jiquilpan, Michoacan, July 27, 1780. In 1808 he joined the Spanish army, and, for a time, fought against the party of the revolutionists, but in 1821 he acted with Iturbide. He was made Vice-President and commander of the army, in the administration of Guerrero, 1829. He afterward revolted and led the Centralist party, and in 1830 became acting President of Mexico. In 1832 Santa Anna opposed him at the head of an army, and he was conquered and banished (1833). When the Cen- tralist party returned to power he was recalled, and in 1837 was elected Presi- dent of Mexico. In 1842 he was obliged to retire from the Presidency, and was succeeded by Santa Anna. He served in the Mexican army in the war with the United States, retiring from military service in 1848. He died in San Miguel de Allende, Feb. 6, 1853. BUSTARD, the name of a genus of European birds, the otis, which is the typical one of the family otitidx. The great bustard (O. tarda), the little bus- tard (O. tetrix), and Macqueen's bustard
