CADMIUM 274 CADWALADER at the Metropolitan Temple, New York, from which he went in the latter year to the Central Congregational Church, Brooklyn. He was a forceful speaker and lectured widely, besides taking a prominent part in community efforts looking toward social betterment. He wrote "Charles Darwin and Other Eng- lish Thinkers" (1911), and "Three Great Oxford Movements" (1915). CADMIUM, a diatomic metallic ele- ment, discovered in 1818; symbol, Cd; at. wt., 112; sp. gr., 8.6; melting point, 320°, boils at 778°. It is a white, duc- tile, malleable metal; scarcely tarnishes in the air; burns when heated in the air, forming a brown oxide, CdO. It dis- solves readily in nitric acid, and decom- poses water at red heat. Cadmium is found in some zinc ores; when these are distilled it rises in vapor before the zinc does so. It also occurs in the form of sulphide in greenockite. Cadmium is easily separated from zinc by passing HS2 into their solution in HCl; the cad- mium is precipitated as yellow sulphide, CdS. Cadmium can be separated from copper in analysis by dissolving their sulphides in nitric acid and adding am- monia in excess, filtering off oxides of other metals; then potassium cyanide is added till the precipitate first formed redissolves, then H2S gas is passed through the liquid, from which it throws down the cadmium as sulphide. CADMUS, according to ancient Greek tradition, the leader of a colony of Phoe- nicians, who settled at a very early date in Boeotia, and founded the city of The- bes, B. c. about 1450. The Greeks at- tributed to him the introduction into their country of the 16 simple alpha- betical characters; and the close anal- ogy in form between the Greek and Phoenician alphabets renders this ac- count extremely probable. His personal history is almost entirely fabulous. CADORNA, LUIGI, COUNT, an Ital- ian General; born in Fallanza in 1850. He was educated at a military school and the national staff college. He rose through various grades until in 1898 he became a major-general. He was made lieutenant-general in 1905, and at the outbreak of the World War became chief of the general staff, succeeding Gen. Pollio. In May, 1915, when Italy had renounced the Triple Alliance and entered the field on the side of the Al- lies, Cadoma was made generalissimo of the Italian armies. The terrain upon which he had to fight the Austrians ■vyas the most difficult in Europe, with the possible exception of certain parts of the Balkans. Precipitous mountains and rugged plateaus offered obstacles that were almost insuperable to military science. Yet Cadorna mastered these in the first two years of the war, and achieved notable successes in his of- fensive toward Gorizia (which he cap- tured) and on the Carso Plateau. He was slowly but surely winning against GENERAL CADORNA the Austrians, until the defection of the Russians released the Austrian troops who were fighting on that front and en- abled huge forces, co-operating with German shock troops, to be thrown against him. The great Austro-German drive was launched on Oct. 23, 1917, and resulted in an overwhelming disas- ter to the Italian arms. Thousands of cannon and hundreds of thousands of men were captured and the army was forced to retreat to the Tagliamento and afterward to the Piave, where at last they made a stand. The disaster re- sulted in the retirement of Cadorna from command and his replacement by Gen. Diaz. CADWALADER, JOHN, an American soldier, born in Philadelphia, Jan. 10,
