CANONICALS 327 CANOVAS DEL CASTILLO viz., matins with lauds, prime, tierce, sext, nones, even-song or vespers, and compline. CANONICALS, the dress or vestments of the clergy. CANONIZATION, a ceremony in the Roman Church, by which deceased per- sons are declared saints. The Pope in- stitutes a formal investigation of the miraculous and other qualifications of the deceased person recommended for canon- ization; and an advocate of the devil, as he is called, is appointed to assail the memory of the candidate. If the ex- amination is satisfactory, the Pope pro- nounces the beatification of the candidate, the actual canonization generally taking place some years aftei-ward, when a day is dedicated to his honor, his name in- serted in the canon or Litany of the Saints in the Mass, and his remains pre- served as holy relics. CANON-LAW, the body of ecclesi- astical law as laid down by the canons. CANONSBURG, a borough of Wash- ington CO., Pa., on the Pittsburgh, Cin- cinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis railroad. It is in the center of an important coal- mining region and has manufactures of pottery, tin plate, steel, stoves, iron, stove pipes, etc. It is the seat of the Pennsylvania Training School, the Wash- ington and Jefferson College, and other institutions. Pop. (1910) 3,891; (1920) 10,632. CANOPIC VASES, vessels found in Egypt, which were placed in tombs, and contained the embalmed intestines of the dead. CANOPUS, an ancient Egyptian city, between Alexandria and the western mouth of the Nile, once the chief harbor of the Delta. It had a popular temple of Serapis. CANOPUS, or CANOBUS, a bright star of the first magnitude, belonging to the Southern constellation Argo, and in- visible in the North or Middle parts of the United States, on account of its near- ness to the South Pole. CANOSA (kan-6'sa), (ancient Canu- sium), a town of southern Italy, Bari, near the Ofanto, 15 miles S. W. of Bar- letta. The old city, said to have been founded by Diomed, or in a period ante- cedent to the records of Roman history, was in ancient times one of the most con- siderable cities in this part of Italy for extent, population, and magnificence. It reached the acme of its prosperity under Trajan. It was reduced to its present condition by a series of disasters inflicted on it by the Goths, Saracens, and Nor- mans. Pop. about 25,000. CANOSSA (kan-os'a), a ruined castle near Reggio, Italy, interesting for its historical associations. The Emperor Henry IV., excommunicated by Gregory VII., humbly waited for three days in its courtyard bareheaded, barefooted, and fasting, until the Pope reversed his decision. CANOVA, ANTONIO (ka-no'va), an Italian sculptor, born in Possagno, Nov. 1, 1757. He was first an apprentice to a statuary in Bassano, from whom he went to the Academy of Venice, where he had a brilliant career. In 1779 he was sent by the senate of Venice to Rome, and there produced his Theseus and the Slain Minotaur. In 1783 Canova undertook the execution of the tomb of Pope Clem- ent XIV._ in the Church of the Apostles, a work in the Beniini manner, and in- ferior to his second public monument, the tomb of Pope Clement XIII. (1792), in St. Peter's. From 1783 his fame rapidly increased. He established a school for the benefit of young Venetians, and among other works produced his group of "Venus and Adonis," the "Psyche and Butterfly," a "Repentant Magda- lene," the well-known "Hebe," the colos- sal "Hercules hurling Lichas into the Sea," the "Pugilists," and the group of "Cupid and Psyche." In 1796 and 1797 Canova finished the model of the cele- brated tomb of the Archduchess Chris- tina of Austria, and in 1797 made the colossal model of a statue of the King of Naples executed in marble in 1803. He afterward executed in Rome his "Perseus with the Head of Medusa," which, when the "Belvidere Apollo" was carried to France, was thought not un- worthy of its place and pedestal. In 1802 he was invited by Bonaparte to Paris to make the model of his colossal statue. Among the later works of the artist are a colossal Washington, the tombs of the Cardinal of York and of Pius VII.; a "Venus Rising from the Bath"; the colossal group of "Theseus Killing the Minotaur"; the tomb of Al- fieri; the "Graces Rising from the Bath"; a "Dancing Girl": a colossal "Hector"; a "Paris"; a "Mars and Ve- nus," etc. After the second fall of Napo- leon, in 1815, Canova was commissioned by the Pope to demand the restoration of the works of art carried from Rome. He went from Paris to London, and re- turned to Rome in 1816, where he was made Marquis of Ischia, with a pension of 3,000 scudi. He died in Venice, Oct. 13, 1822. CANOVAS DEL CASTILLO, AN- TONIO (ka'no-vas del kas-tel'yo). a Spanish statesman and man of letters; born in Malaga, Feb. 8, 1826; was editor
