CANTU 332 CAP lages, which are then called canton- ments. CANTU, CESARE (kan-to'), an Ital- ian historian; born in Brivio, Lombardy, Dec. 2, 1805. Imprisoned for political causes in 1833, he employed his leisure in writing a historical romance, "Mar- gherita Pusterla" (1838), one of the most successful of modern Italian ro- mances; it gives a graphic picture of prison life. He wrote numerous histor- ical and biographical works; his "Uni- versal History" (35 vols.) has passed through several editions, and has been translated into other languages. He died near Milan, March 11, 1895. CANTWELL, JOHN JOSEPH, an American Roman Catholic bishop, born in Limerick, Ireland, in 1874. He was educated at the Sacred Heart College, Crescent, Limerick; and St. Patrick's College, Thurles, Ireland. In 1899 he was ordained priest and in the same year came to the United States, becom- ing curate in Berkeley, Cal. After hold- ing this office until 1904 he was ap- pointed secretary to the archbishop of San Francisco, and from 1904 to 1914 he was vicar-general of the San Fran- cisco diocese. In the latter year he was consecrated bishop of the diocese of Monterey and Los Angeles, Cal. He was a member of the board of directors of the Extension Society of the University of California. CANTYRE (kan-tir'), or KINTYRE, a peninsula of Scotland, between the Firth of Clyde and the Atlantic, forming the division of Argyleshire. It is 40 miles long from the Isthmus of Tarbet to the Mull of Cantyre in the S. W., and has an average breadth of about 7 miles. CANUTE, or CNUT (ka-nuf, knut), King of England and Denmark, suc- ceeded his father Swegen or Sweyn on his death in England in 1014 A. D., and confirmed the Danish power in England. He began by devastating the E. coast, pnd extended his ravages in the S., where, however, he failed to establish himself until after the assassination of Edmund Ironside, when he was accepted king of the whole of England (1017). Canute, who began his reign with bar- barity and crime, afterward became a humane and wise monarch. He restored the English customs at a general as- sembly, and insured to the Danes and English equal rights and equal protec- tion of person and property, and even preferred English subjects to the most important posts. His power was con- firmed by his marriage with Emma, Ethelred's widow. At Harold's death in 1018 he gained Denmark; in 1028 he conquered Norway; and in 1031 he made Malcolm of Scotland admit his superi- ority. Sweden also was vassal to him. He died in 1036 at Shaftesbury, leaving Norway to his eldest son, Sweyn; to the second, Harold, England; to the third, Hardicanute, Denmark. CANVAS, a kind of coarse, unbleached linen cloth, used in old times for sifting, now for sails, tents, paintings, etc. CANVAS-BACK, a species of duck, Fuligula or Aythya valisneria. It is a great favorite with huntsmen in the United States. It lives mainly on a CANVAS-BACK DUCK species of wild celery, which makes its flesh a great delicacy. It derives its name from the speckled feathers on the back. CANZONA, or CANZONE (kan-tso' na), a short song, in which the music is of much more importance than the words. It is one of the ancient forms of measured melody, and when the older writers employed it, it was usually made the vehicle for the display of skill and contrivance in the treatment of the phrases in fugal imitation. A secondary meaning of the word, scoffing or banter, perhaps accounts for the use of a form in which a musical imitation or mock- ing was shown. In the early part of the last century the word was used to describe an instrumental composition, similar to the sonata as then known. CAOUTCHOUC (kat'shak or kat- chok). See Rubber. CAP, in ships, a strong piece of tim- ber placed over the head or upper end of a mast, having in it a round hole to
