D D, d, the fourth letter and the third consonant in the English alphabet. It represents a dental sound formed by placing the tip of the tongue against the roots of the upper teeth, and then pass- ing up vocalized breath into the mouth. It is always sounded in English words, though frequently slurred over in rapid speech in such words as handkerchief. After a nonvocal or surd consonnant it takes a sharper sound, nearly approach- ing that of t, especially in the past tenses and past participles of verbs in -ed. D. As an initial is used : 1. In chronology, for Dofvriini, genit, sing, of Lat. Z)owmtts= Lord, as A. D. =An'no Doniini=:in the year of our Lord. 2. In music, as an abbreviation for Dis- cantus, Desstis, Destra, etc. . 3. In university degrees, etc., for Doc- tor, as M. D. = Doctor of Medicine; D. D. = Doctor of Divinity, etc. D. As a sjrmbol is used: 1. In numerals, for 500. Thus DC = 600; DL=550. When a dash or stroke is written over the letter its value is in- creased tenfold, i. e., to 5,000. 2. In chemistry, for the element didym- ium. 3. In music. (1) For the first note of the Phrygian, afterward called the Dorian mode. (2) For the second note of the normal scale of C, corresponding to the Italian re. (3) For the major scale having two sharps and for the minor scale having one flat in its signature. (4) For a string tuned to D, e. g., the third string of the violin, the second of the viola and violoncello. (5) For a clef in old mensurable music, D. excellens. (6.) D is used for doh in the tonic sol- fa system. 4. In commerce, for English penny or pence, as £ s. d.=: pounds, shillings, and pence. D'ABERNON, EDGAR VINCENT, BARON. He was born in 1857, and was educated at Eton. In 1877 he passed the examination for Student Dragoman at Constantinople ; joined Coldstream Guards from which he resigned, as lieu- tenant, in 1882. He became secretary to Lord Fitzmaurice, Commissioner for Eastern Rumelia, in 1880; assistant to Commissioner for Evacuation of Territory ceded to Greece by Turkey, 1881; repre- sentative on Council of Ottoman Public Debt, Constantinople, 1882; President of Council of Ottoman Public Debt, 1883; Financial Adviser to Egyptian Govern- ment, 1883-1889; governor of Imperial Ottoman Bank, 1889-1897; and Conserv- ative member of Parliament 1899-1906. He wrote: "Alcohol — its Action on the Human Organism." DABNEY, CHARLES WILLIAM, an American consular officer; born in Alex- andria, Va., March 19, 1794. He was made United States consul in the Azores in 1826, and by his services to the people of the islands made his name a house- hold word among them. He died in Fayal, Azores, March 12, 1871. DABNEY, CHARLES WILLIAM, an American scientist and educator; born in Hampden-Sidney, Va., June 19, 1855. He was educated at Hampden-Sidney College and at the Universities of Virginia, Ber- lin, and Gottingen, In 1877 he became Professor of Chemistry in Henry and Emory College, and in 1880 was ap- pointed state chemist of North Carolina. He was president of the University of Tennessee 1887-1904 and became presi- dent of the University of Cincinnati in 1904. From 1893 to 1896 he was Assist- ant Secretary of Agriculture. He also served on many boards and commissions, was a member of several scientic so- cieties, and published numerous scientific works. DABO, LEON, an American mural and landscape painter. Born in Detroit 243
