BIMEO 484 EISNEB States navy yards. Now all workers directly employed by the Fedeiial Gov- ernment are similarly protected, and in 1912 Congress enacted a law making the eight-hour day a part of the contract with all private firms or employers working for the Federal Government, with some minor exceptions. Most of the States have passed similar legisla- tion for their directly employed workers, and a large number have followed the example of the Federal Government in extending it to contract work. The tendency to enact and extend such legis- lation continues to increase; in 1919 seven States passed laws in this direc- tion — Colorado, Kansas, Minnesota, Ne- braska, Nevada, Wisconsin, and Wyo- ming. A smaller number of States have already begun to enforce the eight-hour day in private industry, notably for women and children and mine workers. Among these are Utah and North Da- kota. Organized labor has enforced this standard with even more success ; at the present time the eight-hour day is uni- versal in the building and printing trades and in coal mining. EIMEO (i'me-o), one of the French Society Islands, in the Pacific Ocean, about 10 miles W. N. W. of Tahiti, the principal member of the group. Area, 61 square miles; population, about 1,500. It consists of deep valleys and abrupt hills — the former well cultivated, and the latter heavily timbered. Here Christianity was first introduced in Poly- nesia; and here the South Sea College of the London Missionary Society was established. Most of the natives are Protestants. EINBECK (in'-), or EIMBECK, a town of Hanover; situated on the Dme, 23 miles N. of Gottingen by rail. Though a place of considerable impor- tance in the 15th century, and a Hanse city, it has decayed greatly in recent times. EINSIEDELN (In'ze-deln), a town of Switzerland, in the canton of Schwyz, 27 miles S. E. of Zurich by rail. In Ein- siedeln great numbers of prayer-books, sacred images, wax candles, rosaries, medallions, etc., are made. The town is, however, chiefly celebrated for its Bene- dictine abbey, to which some 200,000 pil- grims resort annually to worship at the shrine of a black image of the Virgin, Sept. 14 being the principal day in the year. The abbey itself was founded in the 10th Century, and after being re- peatedly destroyed by fire, was rebuilt as a quadrangle in the Italian style in 1704-1719. It contains a valuable library with several incunabula and MSS., these Jast dating from the 8th to the 12th cen- tury; also a museum of natural science and natural history. Rudolph of Haps- burg elevated the abbot of Einsiedeln to the dignity of a prince of the empire in 1274. Near the town the Austrians under Jellachich were defeated by the French under Mass^na on Aug. 14, 1799. EINSTEIN, ALBERT, a Swiss physi. cist, born in 1875. For a time he held a chair in the Ziirich Polytechnic School,. and was also for some years a professor in the University of Prague. Later he held a research position in an institution affiliated with the University of Berlin. In 1914 he protested against the mani- festo of the German professors. Einstein came into prominence through his theory of relativity, which grew out of his par- ticipation in the effort to explain the Michelson-Morley experiment, on the so- called ether-drift of the earth and its negative result. The principle of the theory is the conception of time as a fourth dimension. His theory of rela- tivity was published in 1905 in a book, "Annalen der Physik." It was further expounded in 1916. This principle of relativity and the deflection of light by gravitation was considered by scien- tists the most revolutionary discovery in physical science since Newton. In April, 1921, Dr. Einstein visited the United States in behalf of the Zionist movement. EISNER, KURT, a German socialist, born in 1858 in Berlin of Jewish parents. He attended the University of Marburg. From 1890 to 1895 he was contributing editor of the "Frankfurter Zeitung," • during which time he wrote an article attacking Kaiser Wilhelm II, and for which he spent nine months in prison. Upon his release he became editor-in- chief of the Socialist paper "Vorwarts" in Berlin. From 1907-1910 he was con- nected with a Socialist paper in Nurem- berg and both in that city and in Munich he waged a bitter campaign to arouse sentiment in Bavaria against the union with Prussia. Arrested in 1918 for his anti-war activities, he was released later in the same year and when the Revolu- tion occured in November he became a leader in the radical Socialist party with the special objective of dividing the south German states from the Empire. He became Prime Minister in the new Bavarian Government, and at the Berne Conference of Socialists, held at Berne, Switzerland, he attacked the moderate German Socialists because of their re- fusal to acknowledge Germany's guilt in bringing about the World War of 1914. For this speech and for his uncompro- mising hostility to Prussia he ^came bitterly hated by large sections of the
