EXTRACT 80 tian subjects of foreign nations were in- corporated in the case of Turkey and the nations of the Far East into definite treaties. Likewise the privileges and im- munities granted by the Italian govern- ment to the Pope come under cases of exterritoriality. In the "Alabama" case the arbitrators at Geneva ruled that the immunity granted to vessels of a foreign nation could not be called a right which belonged to them, but only a courtesy and hence did not relieve the neutral state in whose harbor they were from the re- sponsibility of preserving that neutrality. EXTRACT, a term to denote all that can be dissolved out of a substance by a specified menstruum, such as water, alco- hol, ether, etc. Extracts must be capable of being redissolved, so as to form a solu- tion like that from which they were derived. Extracts are used in cookery, medicine, and the manufacture of per- fumery. Extract of meat is a soft, yel- lowish-brown, solid, or very thick syrup, which is employed as a portable soup. EXTRADITION, the act by which a person accused of a crime is given up by the government in whose territories he has taken refuge to the government of which he is a subject. Conventions have been entered into by Great Britain with almost all civilized countries for the apprehension and extradition of persons charged with particular offenses, espe- cially those of the most heineous stamp, such as murderj robbery, embezzlement, arson, rape, piracy, obtaining money under false pretenses, unlawful destruc- tion and obstruction of railroads, pi'O- curing abortion, etc. The Extradition Act of 1870 makes special provision that no criminal shall be surrendered for a political offense, and that the criminal shall not be tried for any but the crime for which he was demanded. EXTRADOS (-tra'dos), the external outline or curve of an arch. EXTRAVAGANZA, in music, the drama, etc., a species of composition de- signed to produce effect by its wild ir- regularity and incoherence; differing from a burlesque in being an original composition and not a mere travesty. EXTRAVASATION, an escape of some fluid, as blood or urine, from the vessel containing it. Blood extravasation, in contusions and other accidents, is when blood-vessels are ruptured by the injury, and the blood finds its way into the neighboring tissues. In some acci- dents to the urethra and bladder extra- vasation of urine is a very serious occur- rence. EXTREME UNCTION, since the 12th century, one of the seven sacraments of EYCK the Catholic Church. It is performed in cases of mortal disease by anointing in the form of a cross, the eyes, ears, nose, mouth. EXTJMAS, a group of islands of the British West Indies, forming a part of the Bahamas. The chief islands are Great Exuma, Little Exuma, and the Exuma Keys, with a total area of 150 square miles. Little Exuma has an ex- cellent harbor. The inhabitants are em- ployed chiefly in agriculture, and the making of salt. Pop. about 4,000. EYCK, HUBERT VAN (ik), a noted Flemish painter; born in Maaseyck, near Liege, Belgium, in 1366. It has been claimed that he and his brother Jan were the inventors of oil painting. For transparent and brilliant coloring and minute finish their works have never been surpassed. Their masterpieces are for the most part in Ghent, Bruges, Ant- werp, Berlin, Munich, and Paris. The only painting that can now certainly be assigned to Hubert is the altar-piece with folding doors, "The Adoration of the Lamb," begun by him and finished by Jan, and afterward presented to the Cathedral of St. Bavon, Ghent, where only the two central divisions now re- main, the wings being in the Gallery at Berlin, with the exception of those repre- senting Adam and Eve, which are in the Brussels Museum. Hubert died in Ghent, Flanders, Sept. 18, 1426. EYCK, JAN VAN, a Flemish painter, brother of Hubert; born in Maaseyck, about 1386. He was court painter of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, and practiced his art chiefly at Bruges. In the National Gallery, London, there are three pictures of Jan van Eyck. These are portraits of Jean Arnolfini and Jeanne de Chenany, his wife — signed and dated 1434; the portrait of a man in a cloak and fur collar, with a red handkerchief twisted round the head as a turban — painted Oct. 21, 1433; and the portrait of a man with a dark-red dress and a green head-covering — signed and dated Oct. 10, 1432. In the Louvre is his exquisitely finished little picture of "Chancellor Rollin kneeling before the Virgin." Jan died in Bruges, July 9, 1440, and lies buried in St. Donatus Church. EYCK, MARGA-RET VAN, a Flemish painter, sister of Hubert and Jan van Eyck. A "Virgin and Child," in the National Gallery, London, formerly as- signed to her, is attributed to an un- known painter of the Early Flemish school. She is believed to have executed the miniatures in the missal of the Duke of Bedford. She died before 1431.
