FISSURE NEEDLE 145 FITZROT face of the brain, and passing trans- versely outward to the lateral surface of the hemisphere, where it divides into two limbs. Fissures of Santorini: In anatomy, irregular gaps transversely dividing the cartilaginous tube of the ear. Great fissure of Bichat: In anatomy, a fissure connecting the two limbs of the fissure of Sylvius. FISSURE NEEDLE, a spiral needle for drawing together the gaping lips of wounds. By revolution, the point is made to pierce the lips alternately, carrying its thread with it. FISTULA, a shepherd's pipe; a water- pipe. In zoology, the intermediate sub- quadrangular pipe, in insects, formed by the union of the two branches of the an- thia which conveys the nectar to the pharynx. In surgery, a long and sinuous ulcer, having a narrow opening, sometimes leading to a larger cavity, and which has no disposition to heal. FITCH. JOHN, an American inventor; born in East Windsor, Conn., Jan. 21, 1743; manufactured arms during the Revolutionary War. In 1786 he built a steamboat which could run eight miles an hour. Two years later a company was organized in Philadelphia, which built a steampacket that ran on the Dela- ware river for about two years, when the company failed. He wrote a history of his work on the steamboat. He died in Bardstown, Ky., July 2, 1798. FITCH, WILLIAM CLYDE, an Amer- ican playwright and author; born in New York, May 2, 1865. He was educated at Hartford, Conn., and Amherst College, Amherst, Mass. He wrote a number of successful plays, among them "Beau Brummell" and "Bohemia," "The Climb- ers." "The Way of the World," "The Girl and the Judge," etc. He is also the author of "The Knighting of the Twins, and Ten Other Tales" and "Some Cor- I'espondence and Six Conversations." He died Sept. 4, 1909. FITCHBURG. a city and one of the county-seats of Worcester co., Mass., on the New York, New Haven, and Hart- ford, railroad; 50 miles N. W. of Boston. It comprises the villages of Traskville, Rockville, South Fitchburg, West Fitch- burg, and Fitchburg Center. It contains a public library, high school, electric street railroad, electric lights, several National and savings banks, and a number of daily and weekly newspapers. There are manufactories of pianofortes, tools, machinery, paper, saws, electrical apparatus, steam engines, bicycles, fire- arms, cotton, and woolen goods, etc Pop. (1910) 37,826; (1920) 41,013. FITZGERALD, a city of Georgia, the county-seat of Ben Hill co. It is on the Seaboard Air Line, the Atlanta, Bir- mingham and Atlantic, and the Ocilla Southern railroads. Its industries in- clude cotton and oil mills, fertilizer plants, and railroad repair shops. It has a large trade in timber and turpen- tine. Pop. (1910) 5,795; (1920) 6,870. FITZGERALD, EDWARD, LORD, an Irish patriot; born near Dublin, Ireland, in 1763. He was a son of the first Duke of Leinster. He distinguished himself for intrepidity as aide-de-camp to Lord Rawdon in the latter part of the Ameri- can Revolutionary War, and was severely wounded in the battle of Eutaw Springs. When the French Revolution broke out, he supported its principles, and in 1793 hastened to Paris. Here he married Pamela, the daughter, it is said, of Louis Philippe Joseph, the Duke of Orleans, and Madame de Genlis. On his return to Ireland, Fitzgerald was desirous of ef- fecting a separation of that country from England, and induced the French Direc- tory to furnish him with a fleet and troops. A landing was attempted on sev- eral occasions, but without success, owing to the vigilance of the English channel fleet; and Fitzgerald was seized, tried, and condemned to death. He died of his wounds before the time fixed for his ex- ecution, 1798. His wife had been edu- cated with the daughters of the Duke of Orleans, by Madame de Genlis, and mar- ried a second time, Mr. Pitcairn, the American consul at Hamburg. FITZGERALD. EDWARD, an Eng- lish poet; born in Bredfield House, near SuflTolk, England, March 31, 1809. His father, John Purcell, assumed the name Fitzgerald, which was his wife's family name. His writings are for the most part remodeled translations of poems in other languages; among them are: "Six Dramas from Calderon" (1853), and two more ("The Mighty Magician" and "Such Stuff as Dreams Are Made of") subsequently "The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam" (1859), a translation that won for Fitzgerald great celebrity; a version of the "Agamemnon" of .^Eschy- lus; and versions of other Greek and Persian poets. He died in Merton, Nor- folk, England, June 14, 1883. FITZROY. two Australian rivers, one in Western Australia and one in Queens- land. The first rises in the King Leopold Mountains and after a westerly course of about 300 miles enters into King Sound on the Indian Ocean. It is navi-
