FOIL 164 FOLKESTONE one end, and a leather button at the other to prevent accidents. Foils measure from 31 to 38 inches in len^h. FOIL, a leaf or thin sheet of metal placed beneath transparent jewels to heighten their color and improve their brilliancy; also applied to those sheets of tin amalgam placed behind mirrors. They are made of copper, tin, and silvered copper. The sheet lead which is used for the lining of tea-chests is a species of foil. By extension, anything of another color, or of different qualities, which serves to adorn or set off a thing to advantage. rOIX, GASTON III., COUNT DE and Viscount de Beam, a French mili- tary officer; born in 1331; acquired the surname of Phoebus. He was handsome, accomplished, and brave, and spent his life in war and the chase. His first service in arms was against the English in 1345. During the revolt known as la Jacquerie he contributed to the rescue of the Dauphin at Meaux. He made war on the Count of Armagnac, and took him pris- oner; was for a short time governor of Languedoc; and in 1390 magnificently entertained Charles VI. at his chateau of Mazeres. Gaston was of excessively vio- lent temper, and probably was guilty of the murder of his own son. He wrote a book on the pleasures of the chase, of which several editions were published. He died in 1391. FOLCLAND, or FOLKLAND, the land of the people, that portion of Anglo- Saxon England which was retained on behalf of the community. It might be occupied in common or possessed in sev- eralty, but could not become allodial estate or absolute private property ex- cept with the consent of the Witan or highest council in the land. From time to time large grants were made both to individuals and to communities; and land thus cut off from folcland was called bocland or "book-land." Ultimately the king practically acquired the disposal of it, and the remnant of folcland became crown lands. FOLCMOTE, in Anglo-Saxon Eng- land, an assembly of the people to con- sult respecting public affairs. FOLDVAR (ancient Sussuinum), a walled town of Hungary, on the slope and summit of a hill, on the right bank of the Danube, 49 miles S. of Budapest; pop. about 12,000. FOLGER, CHARLES JAMES, an American jurist; born in Nantucket, Mass., April 16, 1818; settled in Geneva, N. Y., in 1831; was graduated at Hobart College in 1836; and was admitted to the bar in Albany, N. Y., in 1839. He be- came judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Ontario county in 1843; was a member of the State Senate in 1861- 1869 ; elected associate judge of the State Court of Appeals in 1871; succeeded to the chief justiceship of that court in 1880; and was secretary of the United States Treasury in 1881-1884. In Novem- ber, 1882, he was the Republican candi- date for governor of New York, but was defeated by Grover Cleveland. He died in Geneva, N. Y., Sept. 4, 1884. FOLIO, in printing: (1) The running number of the pages of a book. The even folios are on the left-hand pages, the odd upon the right. The folios of prefa- tory matter are frequently in lower case Roman numerals. (2) A sheet of paper once folded. (3) A book of the largest size, whose sheets are folded but once, four pages to the sheet; hence it is used generally for any large volume or work. In bookkeeping, a page or open- ing in an account book. In law, a certain number of words in legal documents. The number varies in the States; thus in some of them, as in England, in low law documents, conveyances, deeds, etc., the folio is 72 words; in chancery and parliamentary proceedings 90 words. In New York and other States 100 words constitute a folio. FOLK, JOSEPH WINGATE, an American public official, born in Browns- ville, Tenn., in 1869. He graduated from Vanderbilt University in 1890. In the same year he was admitted to the bar. After practicing for 4 years in Browns- ville, he removed to St. Louis, and from 1900 to 1904 was circuit attorney of that city. During his term of office he exposed a vast amount of political and official corruption and prosecuted numer- ous bribery cases which attracted wide attention. In 1905 he was elected gov- ernor of Missouri. He was the author of many reform laws during his term of office. In 1913 he was appointed solicitor for the United States Department of State and from 1914 was chief counsel for the Interstate Commerce Commission. He was also general counsel for the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce. In 1918 he was the Democratic primary nominee for United States senator, but was de- feated. FOLKESTONE (fok'ston), a fortified seaport town of England, in Kent co., 62 miles S. E. by E. of London, and 7 W. by S. of Dover, It possesses a spacious harbor and fine pier whence the tidal steamers sail twice a day to Boulogne on the French coast. It was the birthplace of William Harvey, the
