FOEFARSHIRE 174 FORGET-ME-NOT of the war with Russia, he was placed on the reserve division of the Army of the East, and for a time held the com- mand of the siege force before Sebasto- pol. In 1857 he was nominated to the first division of the army of Paris. He commanded this division during the Italian War in 1860, gained at Monte- bello the first battle of the campaign, and distinguished himself at Magenta and Solferino, being wounded at the lat- ter. When the expedition to Mexico was decided upon in 1861, Forey received the command of the French troops. After several sanguinary engagements, he at- tacked and stormed the strong post of Puebla, thereby throwing open the road to the city of Mexico. For this service he was made Marshal of France, when he resigned his command to General Bazaine, and returned home, receiving the command of the 2d army corps in 1863, He received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor in 1859, and was elected to the Senate in that year. He died in Paris, France, June 20, 1872. FORFABSHmE, or ANGUS, a mari- time county of Scotland, in the east mid- land division. It has an area of 873 square miles. The surface is for the most part irregular and intersected with hills. It is an agricultural and stock- raising county. Its chief industries are the manufacture of jute and linen. Pop. about 285,000. The capital is Forfar. FORFEITURE, in English law, is a punishment annexed to some illegal act or negligence in the owner of real prop- erty, whereby he loses all his interest therein, and it goes to the party injured, as a recompense for the wrong which either he alone or the public with him has sustained. Forfeitures are either civil ^r criminal. Civil forfeiture takes place when some alienation is made con- trary to law, as in mortmain; or when a particular tenant aliens for a larger estate than he himself has, as when a tenant for life makes a conveyance in fee. Forfeiture for criminal causes takes place in treason or felony, and for one or two other offenses. Forfeiture by alienation is almost un- known in the United States, and the just principle prevails that the conveyance by the tenant operates only on the inter- est which he possessed, and does not affect the remainder man or reversioner. Under the Constitution and laws of the United States, forfeiture for crimes is nearly abolished; and when it occurs, the State recovers only the title which the owner had. An estate may be for- feited by a breach or non-performance of a condition annexed to the estate, either expressed in the deed at its orig- inal creation, or implied by law, from a principle of natural reason. FORGE, the apparatus or works for heating bars of iron and steel and work- ing them under the hammer. Works in which cast iron from the blast furnaces is converted into malleable iron by puddling and subsequent hammering, and also where the native ores of iron are reduced without fusion to the metal- lic state, are also called forges. Forges are required of various dimensions, and are often adapted to special uses. Port- able forges are used in many workshops. For forging heavy articles, as anchors, wrought-iron shafts for ocean steamers, etc., powerful machinery is required, adapted to the nature of the work to be done. Morrison's steam hammer, with which a bar of iron can be forged of any size or thickness, is one solid wrought- iron hammer bar, piston head and head for hammer face forged solid, with the bar passing through both ends of the cylinder, prevented from turning by the upper cylinder head. No guides below the cylinder. Slide-valve balanced. Double-acting hammers of all sizes, tak- ing steam above and below the piston, with self-acting valve gear and hand movement, can be changed at will while in operation, thus affording complete control over its movements. Hammers of 2,000 pounds and under have one up- right only; those over this size, two. In puddling iron, when the mass of cast- iron has been sufficiently purified in the furnace by burning out its carbon and other impurities, it is placed under the heavy forge hammer, which squeezes out the liquid slag and forces the softened particles of iron to cohere into a con- tinuous oblong mass or bloom. When iron is extracted from rich ores without first being converted into cast-iron, the forge hammer is used to force the spongy mass of reduced ore into a compact bar of malleable iron. FORGES, a small village in France, about eight miles N. W. of Verdun, which figured prominently in the first attack by the Germans on Verdun, in March, 1916. It was taken and re-taken several times by both sides, but on that occasion was finally held by the Ger- mans, who pressed on toward the main French position at Mort Homme. Dur- ing these operations the village was al- most entirely destroyed by gunfire. FORGET-ME-NOT, Myosotis palustHs, the creeping water scorpion grass, a boraginaceous plant about a foot high. The flowers are bright blue, with a yel- low eye and a small white ray at the base of each segment. It is found abun»
