FRANKLAND 201 FRANKLIN tion, British Association, Glasgow, and in 1906, of the Institute of Chemistry. He was president of the Chemical So- ciety in 1911 and in 1919 was made of- ficer of the Order S.S. Maurice and Lazarus. He has contributed numerous memoirs to publications and has writ- ten "Our Secret Friends and Foes," and a "Life of Pasteur." FRANKLAND, STATE OF, in 1784 North Carolina ceded her W. lands to the United States. The inhabitants of East Tennessee, piqued at being thus disposed of, and alleging that no provi- sion was made for their defense or the administration of justice, assembled in convention and took measures to form a new and independent State. Notwith- standing the fact that North Carolina, willing to compromise, repealed the act of cession the same year, the scheme was urged forward and at a second conven- tion, Dec. 14, steps were taken toward the organization of a separate State un- der the name of Frankland. A pro- visional government was set up. John Sevier was chosen governor, and the machinery of an independent State was put in motion. Vei'y soon rivalries and jealousies appeared, opposing parties arose and divided the people, and a third party favoring adherence to North Car- olina led by Colonel Tipton, showed much increasing " strength. Party spirit ran high. Frankland had two sets of officers, and civil war became immment. Finally an armed collision between the men un- der Tipton and Sevier took place. The latter were defeated, arrested and taken to prison in irons. Frankland had re- ceived its deathblow. The assembly of North Carolina passed an act of oblivion, and offered pai-don to all offenders, whereupon the troubles ceased. FRANKLIN, a city of Massachusetts, in Norfolk co. It is on the New York, New Haen, and Hartford Railroad, and includes the village of Unionville. Its industries include the manufacture of pianos, printing presses, straw hats, and cotton, woolen, and felt goods. It has an almshouse, a public library, and is the seat of Dean Academy. Pop. (1910) 5,641; (1920) 6,497. FRANKLIN, a city of New Hamp- shire, in Merrimack co. It is at the junction of the Pemigewasset and Winnipesaukee rivers, which here unite to form the Merrimack, and is on the Boston and Maine Railroad. The city has excellent water power and has manu- factures of paper and pulp, hosiery, knitting machines, woolen goods, lum- ber, etc. Franklin is the birthplace of Daniel Webster, and contains a public library and a hospital. Pop. (1910) 6,132; (1920) 6,318. FRANKLIN, a city of Pennsylvania, the county-seat of Venango co. It is on the Allegheny river, and on the Pennsylvania, the Erie, the Lake Erie, Franklin, and Clarion, and the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroads. Its industries include flour mills, brick works, machine shops, and manufactures of tools. It is the center of an impor- tant oil-producing region. There are a public library, pai'ks, and several hand- some public buildings. Pop. (1910) 9,767; (1920) 9,970. FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, an Ameri- can statesman; born in Boston, Mass., Jan. 17, 1706. When 12 years old he was apprenticed to his brother James to learn the printer's trade. Three years later BENJAMIN FRAfJKLIN James started a newspaper called the "New England Courant." Benjamin tried his hand as a contributor to the columns of the newspaper, and with such success that, when his brother was arrested and imprisoned for a month by the speaker of the assembly for a too liberal exercise of his critical faculties, the management of the paper was confided to Benjamin. Diffei'ences arose between the brothers and Benjamin left Boston, drifting final- ly to Philadelphia, where he landed with only $1.25 in his pocket. He was fortunate enough to find em- ployment immediately with a printer. An accident secured him thte acquain- tance of Sir William Keith, the governor of the colony, who persuaded him to go
