FUBIES 233 FURROW iinprepared, or merely dried, the fur- skins go under the name of peltry. (See Furs.) FURIES (Latin Furise) , in classical mythology, the three daughters of Nox and Achero, or of Pluto and Proserpine, also called the Eumenides. Sometimes they were represented young and beauti- ful, with or without serpents twining about their heads. These avenging deities of the ancients were called Alecto, Megara, and Tisiphone, to which some add Nemesis. They were supposed to be the ministers of the gods. Their sphere of action was consequently both in the infernal regions, to punish condemned souls, and on the earth, to rack the guilty conscience. The most usual mode of typifying the Furies was by giving them a frightful aspect, with a burning torch in one hand and a whip of scorpions in the other, and always attended by Ter- ror, Paleness, Rage, and Death. FURMAN UNIVERSITY, a coeduca- tional institution in Greenville, S. C.; founded in 1854 under the auspices of the Baptist Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 11; students, 300; president, S. E. Brad- shaw, A. M. FURNACE, a place where a vehement fire and heat may be made and main- tained, as for melting ores or metals, heating the boiler of a steam engine, warming a house, baking pottery or bread, and other purposes. Furnaces are constructed in a great variety of ways, according to the different purposes to which they are applied. In constructing furnaces the following objects are kept in view: (1) To obtain the greatest quantity of heat from a given quantity of fuel. (2) To prevent the dissipation of the heat after it is produced. (3) To concentrate the heat and direct it as much as possible to the substances to be acted on. (4) To be able to regulate at pleasure the necessary degree of heat and have it wholly under the operator's management. An air furnace is one in which the flames are urged only by the natural draught; a blast furnace, one in which the heat is intensified by the in- jection of a strong current of air by artificial means; a reverberatory fur- nace, one in which the flames in passing to the chimney are thrown down by a low-arched roof on the objects which it is intended to expose to their action. See Blast Furnace. FURNESS, HORACE HOWARD, an American Shakespeare scholar and edi- tor; son of William H. ; born in Phila- delphia, Pa., Nov. 2, 1833 ; was graduated at Harvard in 1854; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. The honorary degree of Ph. D. was conferred on him by the University of Gottingen. He was the editor of the exhaustive "New Variorum Edition" (1871-1900), of Shakespeare. He died in 1912. FURNESS, WILLIAM HENRY, an American clergyman and author; born in Boston, Mass., April 20, 1802, He was educated at Harvard; studied theol- ogy at Cambridge, Mass., and was pastor of the First Unitarian Church in Phila- delphia in 1825-1875. Among his numer- ous works are: "Remarks on the Four Gospels" (1836) ; "Jesus and His Biog- raphers" (1838) ; "The Story of the Re- surrection Told Once More" (1885) ; "Verses and Translations from the Ger- man Poets" (1886); "Pastoral Offices" (1893). He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 30, 1896. FURNISS, HARRY, an English artist. He was born in Wexford, in 1854, and settled in London at nineteen. He con- tributed for many years to the Illus- trated London News," 'Graphic," "Black and White," "Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News," and other magazines in England and America. He joined the staff of "Punch" in 1880, and has since toured the United States, Canada, Australia, etc., as a humorous lecturer. His works include: "Romps, Flying Visits"; "Royal Academy Antics"; "HunK.urs ol ta.ua- ment"; "America in a Hurry"; "P. and O. Sketches"; "Confessions of a Cari- caturist"; "Harry Furniss at Home";. "Poverty Bay" (novel) ; "How to Draw in Pen and Ink"; "Friends Without Faces"; "Our Lady Cinema"; "Peace in War." FURNIVALL, FREDERICK JAMES, an English historian of literature; bom in Egham, Surrey, England, Feb. 4, 1825. A lawyer by profession, he became a socialist and reformer, and a student of debatable literary problems. His labors resulted in the production of "Shake- speare's England" (1877), and many editions of old masterpieces, such as: "Saint-Graal, the History of the Holy Graal in English Verse, by Henry Lone- lich," and "Caxton's Book of Curtesye." He died July 2, 1910. FURROW, in ordinary lano:uage, a trench in the earth made by a plow; any narrow trench, groove, or hollow; a wrinkle. In milling, the grooves in the face of a millstone; the plane surface is land. A leader furrow extends from the eye to the skirt of the stone at such draft as may be determined. The steep edge of the furrow is called the track edge ; the more inclined edge is called the feather edge. The second furrow is that
