GALWAY BAY 25S GAMBIA the Protestant Episcopal diocese of Tuam. The principal buildings are the cruciform church (Episcopal) of St. Nicholas (1320), St. Augustine's Catho- lic Church, Queens College, monasteries, nunneries, the county court house, bar- racks, etc. Galway has flour mills, ex- tensive salmon and sea fishing, a good harbor, and a lighthouse. During 1858- 1864 a line of steamers plied between Galway and the United States. The ex- ports consist mainly of agricultural produce, wool, and black marble. It was taken by Richard de Burgh in 1232. From the 13th till the middle of the 17th century it continued to rise in commer- cial importance. In 1652 it was taken by Sir Charles Coote, after a blockade of several months; and in July, 1691, it was compelled to surrender to General Ginkell. Pop. about 16,000. GALWAY BAY, a large bay on the W. coast of Ireland, between County Gal- way on the N. and County Clare on the S., about 20 miles in length and from 20 to 7 miles in breadth. Across its en- trance lie the Aran Islands. GAMA, DOM VASCO DA. a noted Portuguese navigator, who first made the voyage to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope; born of a noble VASCO DA GAMA family in Sines, Portugal, in 1450. The voyage had been projected under John II., and his successor, Emmanuel the Fortunate, having fitted out four vessels, intrusted Gama with the chief com- mand. He sailed from Lisbon July 8, 1497, and doubling the Cape, visited Mo- zambique, Mombaza, Melinda, and Cali- Vol. IV — Cyc — Q cut, returning to Lisbon in 1499. For this exploit he was named Admiral of the Indies. In the year 1502 he was placed at the head of a powerful fleet, with which he provided for the security of future voyagers by founding estab- lishments at Mozambique and Sofala. He established the first Portuguese fac- tory in the Indies. He re-entered Lisbon in 1503 and passed the next 20 years in obscurity. In 1524 he was appointed Viceroy of India by King John III., but his administration lasted only three months. He died in Cochin, India, Dec, 24, 1524. GAMALIEL, the name of two persons mentioned in Bible history, of whom the first, Gamaliel, the son of Pedahzur (Num. i: 10; ii: 20; vii: 54, 59; x: 23), was prince or head of the tribe of Ma- nasseh. The other and better known Gamaliel is mentioned twice in the Acts of the Apostles, as a learned doctor of the law, of the sect of the Pharisees. From Acts xii: 3 we learn that he was the preceptor of St. Paul. GAMBETTA. LEON MICHEL (gon- be-ta'), a French statesman; born in Cahors, France, April 3, 1838. He was of Genoese extraction; was educated for the Church; and finally decided in favor of the law, and repairing to Paris be- came a member of the metropolitan bar in 1859. In November, 1868, he gained the leadership of the republican party by his defense of Delescluze, a noted re- publican. In 1869, having been elected by both Paris and Marseilles, he chose to represent the S. city; and in the Chamber of Deputies showed himself an irreconcilable opponent of the empire and its measures, especially of the policy which led to the war with Prussia. On the downfall of the empire, after the sur- render of Sedan in 1870, a government for national defense was formed, in which Gambetta was nominated Minister of the Interior. The Germans having encircled Paris, he left that city in a balloon, and set up his headquarters at Tours, from which he for a short time organized a fierce but vain resistance against the invaders. After the close of the war he held ofiice in several short- lived ministries, and in November, 1881, accepted the premiership. The sweeping changes proposed by him and his col- leagues led to his resignation. The acci- dental discharge of a pistol caused his death near Sevres, France, Dec. 31, 1882. GAMBIA, a river of west Africa, ris- ing in a mountainous district in Futa Jallon and flowing N. W. and W. to the Atlantic; length about 1,400 miles. It is navigable for 600 miles during seven
