GARY 266 GAS Telegraph." In 1905 he became editor of "The Outlook," and in 1908 of "The Observer," writing also, 1912-1915, for the "Pall Mall Gazette." He was ori- ginally a strong Parnellite, but on join- ing "Daily Telegraph" became a Tory Imperialist. Has contributed much to the reviews. Publications: "Imperial Reciprocity"; "Tariff or Budget"; ♦'Eco- nomic Foundations of Peace," GARY, a city of Indiana, in Lake CO. It is on the Indiana, Baltimore, and Ohio, the Chicago, Indiana and Southern, the Elgin, Joliet and Eastern, and other railroads. The city is at the head of Lake Michigan and lies half- way between the great iron ore beds of the north and the coal regions of the south. Its advantageous situation in regard to coal and iron led to the selec- tion of the site for the main plant of the United States Steel Corporation, in April, 1906. The city has become the gi-eatest steel producing city in the world. It contains plants of the Ameri- can Bridge Works, the Indiana Steel Company, tin-plate works, locomotive works, coke by-product works, etc. It has a public library, a handsome city hall, a hospital, and several public parks. Pop. (1910) 16,802; (1920) 55,378. GARY, ELBERT HENRY, an Amer- ican lawyer and capitalist, born near Wheaton, 111. He was educated in the public schools and Wheaton College, and at the University of Chicago. After studying law at the latter institution, he was admitted to the bar in 1867. He was engaged in the general practice of law in Chicago for 25 years, but retired from law practice to become president of the Federal Steel Co. He was prom- inently identified with the organization of the United States Steel Corporation, of which he became chairman of the board of directors and chairman of the finance committee. He was president of the American Iron and Steel Institute and, in 1893-1894, was president of the Chicago Bar Association. GAS, in chemistry, a substance pos- sessing the condition of perfect fluid elasticity, and presenting under a con- stant pressure a uniform rate of ex- pansion for equal increments of teni- perature, but when reaching its maxi- mum density behaving like a vap>or. All gases can be condensed into liquids by cold and pressure. Some of the ele- ments, as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, and probably fluorine, are gases at ordinary temperatures. Atmos- pheric air is a mechanical mixture of 77 parts by weight of nitrogen, and 23 of oxygen, or 79 volumes of nitrogen mixed with 21 volumes of oxygen. Gases are formed by the dry distillation of animal and vegetable substances, which yield carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, am- monia, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, and hydro- carbons. The gas of commerce is carburetted hydrogen (CH4). Its frequent disen- gagement in coal mines with resultant explosions, generally fc.tal to many lives, has caused the miners to give it the name of fire-damp. In parts of the world it issues from crevices or holes in the strata in so moderate and continuous a stream, as to burn with a huge jet in- stead of exploding. It was discovered in the United States about 1845, and is knovni as natural gas. Gas wells abound in Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and the West. This natural gas serves the pur- poses of illuminating and heating. The <5A5 COCK ^ INLET VALVE GAS SUPPLY OF OTTO GAS ENGINE ignition of carburetted hydrogen may be seen in any coal fire. It has been dis- covered that giant jets of apparently
