There are steamship connections with New York, Baltimore, and other cities. Its industries include machine shops, foundries, chemical factories, saw-mills, etc. It has an important export trade in rice, turpentine, and lumber. The notable public buildings include a public library, a post office, and a custom house. Pop. (1910) 5,530; (1920) 4,579.
GEORGETOWN COLLEGE, a coeducational institution in Georgetown, Ky., founded in 1829 under the auspices of the Baptist Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 20; students, 416; president M. B. Adams.
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, an educational institution in Washington, D. C., founded in 1789 under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 205; students, 2,102; volumes in the library, 100,000; number of graduates, 8,466; president, John B. Creeden, Ph. D.
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, an institution for higher education, founded in 1821, in Washington, D. C., as Columbian College. It retained this name until 1873, when it was incorporated as Columbian University. In 1904, with several other educational institutions, it was merged under the name of George Washington University. There were in 1919 2,654 students and 275 instructors. President, W. M. Collier, LL.D.
GEORGIA, a State in the South Atlantic division of the North American Union; bounded by North and South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Florida, and the Atlantic Ocean; area, 59,475 square miles; one of the original 13 States; number of counties, 137. Pop. (1910) 2,609,121; (1920) 2,895,832. Capital, Atlanta.
Topography.—The surface of the State is irregular, rising in terraces. The coast for about 20 miles inland is low and swampy; from here it rises about 100 feet in 20 miles, till, in Baldwin county, about 200 miles from the sea, an elevation of 600 feet is reached. The foot hills and mountains begin here and extend toward the W. and N. W., reaching an altitude of 2,500 to 4,000 feet. In the extreme S. E. is the Okefinokee Swamp. A line of islands averaging about 10 miles in width extends along the coast and affords many safe but shallow sounds. The only harbors of large size are Savannah, St. Mary's, Darien, and Brunswick. The State is well watered. The principal rivers are the Savannah, forming the boundary between Georgia and South Carolina, the Ogeechee, the Cannouchee, the Altamaha, the Satilla, and the St. Mary's, running to the Atlantic; and the Withlacoochee and Allapaha uniting in Florida to form the Suwanee, the Ochlockonee, and the Flint and Chattahoochee forming the Apalachicola, at the Florida line, flowing directly into the gulf.
Geology.—The rocks of the N. part of the State are mostly of metamorphic or crystalline formation and include granites, gneisses, sandstones, and schists. A belt of Silurian origin extends through the N. W. counties with frequent outcrops of Devonian structure. There are extensive coal measures in the extreme N. W. In central and most of southern Georgia the metamorphic rocks are overlaid with Tertiary deposits, and farther S. and E. these are themselves overlaid with Quaternary sands and clay. A Tertiary strip borders the ocean, and a Cretaceous deposit occurs in the vicinity of Jefferson county.
Mineralogy.—The State is rich in mineral resources, especially in the mountain regions N. of the Chattahoochee, and ranks second in the United States in the production of manganese; silver, emery, bituminous coal, antimony, granite, graphite, marble, magnetic and specular iron ore, zinc, limonite, tellurium, galena, mica, roofing slate, pyrites and potter's clay abound. Gold is found in seams of quartz, in veins, and in the disintegrated sands and gravel. It was discovered in 1828 in White Co., and led to the forcible removal of the Cherokee Indians. The coal production in 1918 was 66,716 tons, valued at $239,377. Georgia marble has a high reputation. The clay-working industries have a product of about $2,000,000 annually. There is a small amount of gold produced. The total mineral output is valued at about $5,000,000 per year.
Agriculture.—In the N. part of the State the principal crops are wheat, corn, sorghum, oats, rye, potatoes, apples, peaches, and other temperate fruits, grains and vegetables, while middle and southern Georgia are devoted chiefly to upland cotton and sugar-cane. The acreage, value, and production of the principal crops in 1919, was as follows: Corn, 4,820,000 acres, production 69,890,000 bushels, value $111,824,000; oats, 540,000 acres, production 10,800,000 bushels, value $12,420,000; wheat, 240,000 acres, production 2,520,000 bushels, value $6,628,000; hay, 557,000 acres, production 613,000 tons, value $15,509,000; peanuts, 202,000 acres, production 5,050,000 bushels, value $12,423,000;
