GEORGIAN BAY 294 GERARD 85; students, 1,263; volumes in the library, about 45,000; chancellor, David C. Barrow, LL.D. GEORGIAN BAY, formerly Lake Manitoulin, the N. E. part of Lake Huron, partly separated from the main > body of the lake by the peninsula of Cabot's Head and the island of Great Manitoulin. It is about 120 miles long and 50 broad. GERA (ga'ra), a town of Germany, capital of the small principality of Reuss- Schleiz, on the White Elster, 42 miles E. by S. of Weimar. Nearly destroyed by fire in 1780, it is for the most part a modern town, with broad and regular streets, but its older buildings include a castle and a fine town hall. There are over a score of extensive woolen factories, besides cotton v/orks, dyeing and print- ing works, manufactures of machinery, leather, tobacco, and beer for export, and four publishing houses; eight establish- ments, employing 1,500 hands, turn out thousands of melodeons, accordions, and jews'-harps yearly. Pop. (1919) 73,641. GERACE (ja-ra'che), a town of south- ern Italy, 4 miles from the sea, and 37 N. E. of Reggio. It has a cathedral, re- built after the earthquake of 1783, and a trade in wine, especially the esteemed Lacrima di Gerace. There are iron mines and a hot sulphur spring close by, and on a neighboring plain are the ruins of the ancient Locri. Pop. about 11,000. GERANIUM, in ordinary language, a term most frequently applied to any of the cultivated pelargoniums (these belong to the Geraniacese, but are not the typical genus) ; also a book name, and partly a popular one, for the genus Geranium. In botany, the typical genus of the order Geraniaceie ind the alliance geraniales. Geranium sanguineum is a perennial plant with one-flowered pedun- cles. It is found in dry rocky places, on sandy shores, and on mountains. G. sylvaticum, G. pratense, and G. pyrenai' cnrn are perennial, with two-flowered peduncles. Other common species are G. violle, G. rotundifolium, G. pusillum, G. columbinum, G. dissectiim, G. roherti- anum, and G. lucidum. The root of gera- nium contains more tannin than quino does, and is a very powerful astringent. The tubers of G. parviflomm are eaten in Van Diemen's Land, where it is called the native carrot. Indian geranium is the name given by perfumers to Andro- pogon nardus; and the nettle geranium is Coleus fruticosus. GERAR an ancient town or place of the Philistines in the times of Abra- ham and Isaac, in the S. of Judah, not far from Gaza. GERARD, COMTE ETIENNE MAU- RICE (zharar'), a French marshal; born in Damvillers, Meuse, France, April 4, 1773. Volunteering in the army in 1791, he served on the Rhine, in Italy, in the Vendee campaign, in Germany, and in Spain. For his brilliant services at Austerlitz (1805) he was appointed gen- eral of brigade; he also took a notable part at Jena (1806), Erfurt (1806), and Wagram (1809). During the Russian campaign of 1812 he rendered conspicu- ous service at the capture of Smolensk in the battle of the Beresina. After Na- poleon's return from Elba he commanded a division at Ligny, and was wounded at Wavre. The second restoration com- pelled him to leave France, and he did not return till 1817, In 1831 he com- manded the French army sent to the assistance of the Belgians against the Dutch, whom he drove out of Flanders, and Dec. 27, 1832, compelled the citadel of Antwerp to capitulate. After the July revolution of 1830 he was appointed marshal and war minister by Louis- Philippe; he was again war minister from July to October in 1834. He died in Paris, April 17, 1852. GERARD, JAMES WATSON, an American diplomat and lawyer, born in Geneseo, N. Y., 1867. He graduated from the New York Law School in 1892. For four years he was Chairman of the New York Democratic Campaign Committee. JAMES W. GERARD In 1908 he was elected associate justice of the Supreme Court of New York, but resigned in 1913 on being appointed Am- bassador to Germany by President Wilson. He became the center of public notice during the first two years of the World War, on account of the skill with which he represented his country in
