ENGIiAND 23 ENGLAND, CHURCH OF the purpose of arriving at some agree- ment between the Irish factions. This, however, resulted in no substantial success and the Irish question was still unsettled at the end of the year. When Parliament met in 1919 the traditional party lines were more or less obliterated. Several of the most con- spicuous members, including Mr. As- quith, had lost their seats. David Lloyd George had been Prime Minister since December 7, 1916, and from that period until the end of the war he was the strongest figure and practically a dicta- tor of the English government. He was given the fullest possible powers and was in most cases warmly supported by the people. With President Wilson, he was the most conspicuous figure at the Peace Conference in 1919. During 1919 economic conditions in England were very unfavorable and there were fre- quent strikes in the industrial centers. A threatened strike of the coal miners resulted in the formation of a coal com- mission, which succeeded in recommend- ing conditions which were accepted by the miners. The railway strike was in force during the latter part of the year, but was broken by lack of support by the people. During 1919 the Prince of Wales visited the United States, where he was received with great enthusiasm. In February 10, 1920, Parliament began a new session. Herbert Asquith, the former premier, was elected to the Hou.se of Commons from Paisley. After remaining in session until August 16, the House of Commons adjourned until October 19. At the beginning of the session on that date, supplementary army estimates were introduced bring- ing the total estimates for the year to about il65,000,000. During 1920 and 1921 disorder con- tinued in Ireland. In some portions of the country a practfcal condition of civil war existed. For an account of these conditions, see Ireland. The Irish Home Rule Bill was signed by King George in December, 1920, which was to go into effect at the discretion of the king. In 1921 agi'eement was made with France in regard to the control of Syria and Palestine, and a practical protector- ate was established over Mesopotamia. Egypt had already become an integral part of the British Empire. In March, 1921, the Supreme Council of the Peace Conference held sessions in London to decide the question of reparations by Germany. For statistical data relating to Eng- land, see Great Britain. For the terri- tory embraced in the Empire, see British Empire. See also articles on the various subdivisions of the Empire, as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, India, etc. Sovereigns Began to reign. Anglo Saxon Link — Egbert 800 Ethclwulf .... 836 Ethclbald .... 857 Ethclbert 860 Ethelred 866 Alfred 871 Edward the Eld- er 901 AthelBtan .... 925 Edmund 940 Bdred 946 Edwy 955 Edgar 957 Edward the Mar- tyr 975 Ethelred' the Un- ready 978 Edmund Iron- side 1016 Danish Line — Canute 1017 Harold 1 1036 Hardicanute ..1039 Saxon Line — Edward the Con- fessor 1041 Harold II 1066 Norman Line — William 1 1066 William II. . . .1087 Henry 1 1100 House of Blois — Stephen 1135 Plantagenet Line — Henry II 1154 Richard 1 1189 John 1199 Henry III 121G Edward 1 1272 OF England Began to reign. Edward II 1307 Edward III... 1327 Richard II 1377 House op Lancaster— Henry IV 1399 Henry V 1413 Henry VI 1422 HousK OF York — Edward IV 1461 Edward V. . . .1483 Richard III...14S3 House of Tudor — Henry VII 1485 Henry VIII . . . 1509 Edward VI 1547 Mary 1553 Elizabeth 1558 Stuart Line — James 1 1603 Charles 1 1625 Commonwealth . 1649 Stuart Line — Charles II 1660 James II 1685 House op Orange — William and Mary 1688 Stuart Line — Anne 1702 Brunswick Line — George 1 1714 George II 1727 George III 1760 George IV 1820 William IV... 1830 Victoria 1837 Edward VII... 1901 Windsor Line — George V 1910 ENGLAND, CHURCH OF, the official name of that body of Christians who have a formal head in the person of the hereditary ruler of England. This des- ignation is used in two senses: first, a general one signifying the Church re- garded as continuous, which, from the first triumph of Christianity till now, has been that of the English people; secondly, in a more specific sense, the Protestant Church now established in England as distinguished from the Church of Rome. The evangelistic zeal of Whitfield, Wesley, and various other clergymen, in the 18th century, awoke the Church to new life, which did not pass away even when the followers of these two great preachers ceased to belong to the Eng- lish Church. The evangelical party, still the most numerous in the Establishment, is, in large measure, the fruit of 18th century revival effort. In the 19th, the movement was in other directions. With 1833, just after the passing of the first Reform Bill, the first of a series of "Tracts for the Times" came forth, and 90 in all were issued within the next eight years. The ritualistic party, at a Jater date, carried on the work which
