GORLITZ 366 GOSHEN in delicate health, but during the World War he returned to Russia, to par- ticipate in the general effort to crush German Imperialism. He supported the Russian Revolution of March, 1917, en- thusiastically, but bitterly opposed the Bolsheviki when they came into power in the following November. Later he co-operated with them, but continued his criticism of their principles and tactics. Gorky's fame as a writer is particu- larly strong in this counti'y, and Eng- land. His short sketches of the Russian underworld are powerful, if crude, but his novels and plays show less virility, while his political and economic essays betray his lack of early training and education. Almost all his writings are available in English. Among his best known collections of short stories are: "Orloflf and His Wife" (1901), and "The Outcasts and Other Stories" (1902). Among his best known novels are: "Mother" (1907); "The Spy" (1908); and "A Confession" (1910). His plays are not popular in this country, but "A Night's Lodging" (1905) has been much commented upon. GORLITZ (ger'lits), a town of Prus- sian Silesia, on the left bank of the Neisse, 49 miles W. of Liegnitz. Among its beautiful Gothic churches is that of St. Peter and St. Paul (1423-1497). Outside the town is the Kreuzkapelle (1481-1489)„ an imitation of the Holy Sepulcher at Jerusalem. A railway via- duct, upward of 2,720 feet in length and 118 feet high, here crosses the valley of the Neisse. C^orlitz has manufactures of cloth, its staple; cotton, linen, and fictile wares, with iron foundries and machine shops. Here Jacob Boehme spent most of his life and died. Gorlitz was taken and held alternately by the Swedes and the Imperialists during the Thirty Years' War. Pop. about 86,000. GOSCHEN, GEORGE JOACHIM (go' shen), an English statesman; born in London, England, Aug. 10, 1831. He was educated at Rugby and Oriel College, Oxford. In 1863 he entered Parliament as a Liberal for the city of London. When Lord Russell, after Palmerston's death, reorganized the Liberal ministry, he appointed Goschen vice-president of the Board of Trade, in November, 1865. In the following January the latter en- tered the cabinet as chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. When Gladstone became prime minister in 1868, Goschen took office as president of the poor-law board and in 1871 the head of the ad- miralty, which post he retained till the fall of the Gladstone ministry in 1874. His next public work was the regulation. In conjunction with Joubert» of the Egyptian finances (1876). In 1878 he represented Great Britain at the Inter- national Monetary Conference held at Paris, and two years afterward, as am- bassador extraordinary to the Porte, en- forced on Turkey the fulfillment toward Gx'eece of the treaty of Berlin. He strenuously opposed home rule; in 1887- 1892 was Unionist Chancellor of the Ex- chequer, and in 1888 converted part of the national debt. In 1895-1896, as First Lord of the Admiralty, he made pro- vision for increasing the navy. He pub- lished "Foreign Exchanges" (16th edi- tion, 1894), besides addresses, pam- phlets, books on education, etc. ; and was Lord Rector of Aberdeen and Edinburgh Universities. He sat for London 1863- 1880; Ripon 1880-1885; East Edinburgh 1885-1886, and St. George's, 1887-1886. He died in 1907. GOSCHEN, SIR WILLIAM ED- WARD, an English diplomat, bom in London, in 1847. He was educated at Rugby and entered the diplomatic serv- ice in 1869. He served successively in various capacities at Buenos Aires, Paris, Rio de Janeiro, Peking, Copen- hagen, Washington, and St. Petersburg. From 1898 to 1900 he was Ambassador at Belgrade and filled the same post at Copenhagen from 1900 to 1905. After three years of service as Ambassador at Vienna, he was in 1908 made Ambas- sador to Germany. He occupied this post at the outbreak of the World War, and took part in vain efforts to persuade the German Government to refrain from hostile measures. GOSHAWK, or GOSH AUK (properly goosehawk) , Astur palumbarius, a bird of prey. It is brown above, white under- neath, barred across with brown, with five browner bands on the tail; the eye- lids whitish. It is abundant in parts of the European continent. It occurs also in this country, in the N. of Africa, in India, etc. It can be used, as it often is in the East Indies, for falconry. GOSHEN, a city and county-seat of Elkhart co., Ind. ; on the Elkhart river and the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis railroads; 25 miles S. E. of South Bend. It manu- factures wool, rubber goods, condensed milk, furniture, iron, flour, and farm- ing implements; has a court house, high school, several churches, Goshen College, a library, a National bank, daily and weekly newspapers. Pop. (1910) 8,514; (1920) 9,525. GOSHEN, a village and county-seat of Orange co., N. Y., on the Erie, and the Lehigh and New England railroads;
