GOTTENBURG 369 GOULBURN GOTTENBURG. or GOTEBORG (got'enborg), a seaport town in Sweden, the second in importance, capital of the Ian of the same name; at the mouth of the Gota, in the Kattegat, 255 miles W. S. W. of Stockholm, intersected by- canals. It is one of the best built towns in Sweden, and the seat of a bishopric. It has manufactures of sail-cloth, cot- ton, and other goods, and possesses ship- building yards, tobacco factories, brew- eries, sugar refineries, etc. The trade is very extensive. Among social reform- ers the town is noted for its manage- ment of the liquor question. Pop. (1919) 197,421. GOTTINGEN (get'ting-en) , a town in the Prussian province of Hanover; 538 feet above sea-level on the Leine; 67 miles S. of Hanover, and 36 N. E. of Cassel. The celebrated university (Georgia Au- gusta) was founded in 1734-1737. Con- nected with it are the library of 600,000 volumes, the art museum, the splendid botanic garden (laid out by Haller), the observatory, the laboratory, the lying-in hospital, etc. Longfellow, Motley, Tick- nor, Bancroft, and other illustrious Americans studied at Gottingen. The Gottingen Poet-League was a small poet band who in the "storm and stress" days of 1770-1778 did much for the revival of national feeling; by the "Gottingen Seven" are meant the seven professors (Albrecht, Dahlmann, Ewald, Gervinus, the two GrimmiS, and Weber) who for their liberal tendencies were in 1837 ex- pelled by King Ernest Augustus. The book trade is of more importance than the manufactures — woolens, sugar, chem- icals, etc. Raised to a town in 1210, and a considerable member of the Hansa in the 14th century, Gottingen suffered much during the Thirty Years' War, when it was taken by Tilly in 1626, and recaptured by the Swedes in 1632. Pop. about 38,000. GOTTLIEBEN (got'le-ben), a small tov.'n of Thurgau canton, Switzerland, 1 mile W. of Constance; its castle was the prison of John Huss, Jerome of Prague, and Malleobus. GOTZ VON BERLICHINGEN (gets fon ber'lich-ing-en), a German knight of the 16th century; born in Jaxthausen, Wiirttemberg, in 1480. Gotz is an ab- breviation of Gottfried. At the siege of Landshut (1505), he lost his right hand, which was replaced by an artificial one of steel, cunningly invented by himself; it is still shown at Jagstfeld. He wrote an account of his own turbulent life on which Goethe grounded his drama of "Gotz of Berlichingen." Died in his castle at Hornberg on the Neckar, July 23, 1562. GOUCHER COLLEGE, an institution for the higher education of women, founded in Baltimore, Md., in 1844, as the Woman's College of Baltimoi'e. In recognition of gifts made by Reverend John F. Goucher, the name wai changed in 1910 to Goucher College. In 1920 there were 793 students and 70 instruc- tors. President, W. W. Guth, Ph. D. GOUDA (gou'da), a town of South Holland, on the right bank of the Hol- laendsche Yassel, 13 miles N. E. of Rot- terdam. The Church of St. John has a suite of magnificent stained glass win- dows (1560-1603) by the brothers Crabeth, and a fine organ. GOUGH, JOHN BARTHOLOMEW, an American temperance lecturer; born in Sandgate, Kent, England, Aug- 22, 1817. His father was a pensioner of the Pen- insular war, his mother a village school- mistress. At the age of 12 he was sent to America, and worked on a farm in Oneida co.. New York. In 1831 he went to New York City, where he found em- ployment in a book establishment; but habits of dissipation lost him this em- ployment, and reduced him to that of giving recitations and singing comic songs at low grog shops. He was mar- ried in 1839; but his drunken habits re- duced him to poverty. In 1842 a benevo- lent Quaker induced him to attend a temperance meeting and take the pledge; and soon afterward, resolving to devote the remainder of his life to the cause of temperance, Gough attended temperance meetings and related his experience with such effect as to influence many others. A few months later he had a short re- lapse into drunkenness; but an eloquent confession restored him to favor, and he lectured with great pathos, humor, and earnestness in various parts of America. In 1853 he was engaged by the London Temperance League, and lectured for two years in the United Kingdom, where he attracted large crowds to his meetings. He was n"-ain in England in 1857-1860 and 1878. "Autobiography" (1846); "Orations" (1854) ; "Temperance Ad- dress" (1870) ; "Temperance Lectures" (1879) ; and "Sunlight and Shadow, or Gleanings from My Lifework" (1880). He died'in Frankford, Pa., Feb. 18, 1886. GOULBURN, a town of New South Wales, 134 miles S. W. of Sydney; with several tanneries, boot and shoe factories, flour mills, and breweries, and a busy trade in agricultural produce. The seat of an Anglican and of a Roman Catholic bishop, it contains a handsome Church of England cathedral (Gothic, conse- crated in 1884), and a Roman Catholic cathedral. It has also a Catkolic col- lege and a convent. Pop. (1917) 10,646.
