GBACCHUS 871 GRAFTON GRACCHUS, CAIUS SEMPRONIUS (grak'-us), a Roman politician, younger brother of Tiberius Gracchus, and like him a reformer. The patricians artfully proposed measures more popular than those which he brought forward, and turned the popular feeling away from him, when they commenced the repeal of all the reforms he had effected. On his opposing this, they raised a faction fight, and massacred thousands of his ad- herents in the streets and in the prisons. He had himself put to death by his own slave, that he might not fall into their hands, in 121 B. C. GRACCHUS, TIBERIUS SEMPRO- NIUS, a Roman politician, son of Tibe- rius Sempronius Gracchus and Cornelia, daughter of Scipio Africanus Major; born about 168 B. c. He was already a distinguished soldier when in 137 he served as quaestor to the army of the consul Manicus in Spain, where the re- membrance of his father's honor, after 40 years, enabled him to gain better terms for the 20,000 Roman soldiers who lay at the mercy of the Numantines. But the peace was repudiated at Rome, and Mancinus was stripped naked and sent back to the Numantines. Elected tribune of the people in 133, he endeav- ored to reimpose the agrarian law of Licinius Stolo, and after violent opposi- tion on the part of the aristocratic party, who had bribed his colleague M. Octavius Caacina, he succeeded in pass- ing a bill to that effect. Tiberius Grac- chus, his brother Caius, and his father- in-law Appius Claudius were appointed triumvirs to enforce its provisions. Meantime Attalus, King of Pergamus, died, and bequeathed all his wealth to the Roman people. Gracchus proposed that this should be divided among _ the poor, to enable them to procure agricul- tural implements and to stock their newly acquired farms. It is said that he also intended to extend the franchise, and to receive Italian allies as Roman citizens. But fortune turned against the good tribune. He was accused of hav- ing violated the sacred character of the tribuneship by the deposition of Csecina. In the midst of the next election for the tribuneship, in 133 B. C, Tiberius Grac- chus, with some hundreds of his friends, was murdered. GRACE, DAYS OF, in commerce, a certain number of days immediately fol- lowing the day, specified on the face of a bill or note, on which it becomes due. Till the expiry' of these days payment is not necessary. In Great Britain the days of grace are three: in the United States they have been abolished gener- ally in National bank operations. GRADISCA (gra-dis'ka) , a town of Italy, on the Isonzo, 25 miles N. W. of Trieste. First fortified by the Vene- tians in 1478. Gradisca, with its terri- tory, came into the hands of Austria in 1511, and during the next century and a half figured frequently in the wars between Austria and Venice. In 1647 it became a principality of the empire, but lapsed to the imperial crown again in 1717, and in 1754 was united to Gorz. It reverted to Italy as the result of the treaty of St. Germain, following the World War. GRADY, HENRY WOODFEN, an American journalist; bom in Athens, Ga., in 1851 ; was educated at the Uni- versity of Georgia ; served in the Con- federate army during the latter part of the Civil War; became one of the staff of the Atlanta "Herald," and corre- spondent of the New York "Herald" in Georgia. His writings contributed much to the growth and prosperity of the "New South"; he was also one of the editors of the Atlanta "Constitu- tion." Among Southern editors he was perhaps more widely known than any other. He died in Atlanta, Ga., Dec. 23, 1889. GRAFENBERG (gra'f en-berg), a village of Czecho-Slovakia, 50 miles N. of Olmiitz. It is celebrated as the spot where the water-cure (see Hydropathy) was introduced in 1826 by Vincenz Priessnitz (1799-1851). It still is visited yearly by many persons. GRAFTING, in carpentry, a scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another, as in attaching an extra length or false pile to one already driven. In nautical language, the tapering of the end of a rope, usually covered by weav- ing yarns around it. In surgery, the transplanting of a portion of skin to a denuded surface. In husbandry, the act or process of in- serting a shoot or scion taken from one tree or shrub in a vigorous stock of its own or a closely allied species, so as to cause them to unite and enable the graft to derive a larger supply of nutritive power than it could otherwise obtain. GRAFTON, a tovm in Worcester co., Mass.; on the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad; 6 miles S. E. of Worcestei'. It contains several villages, high school and a public library; manu- factures cotton goods, emery, thread, shoes, soap, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,705; (1920) 6,887. GRAFTON, a city of West Virginia, the county-seat of Taylor co. It is on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad and
