GBEELY 398 GREENBACK PARTY visited Europe, and was chosen chair- man of one of the juries of the Great Ex- hibition in London. He wrote: "Hints Toward Reforms," "History of the Struggle for Slavery Extension" (1856) ; "The American Conflict" (1864-1866); "Recollections of a Busy Life" (1868). He ardently supported the Union cause during the Civil War. In 1872 he was nominated by the Democratic party a candidate for the presidency in opposi- tion to General Grant, but he failed to be elected. He died in Pleasantville, Westchester co., N. Y., Nov. 29, 1872. GREELY, ADOLPHUS WASHING- TON, an American Arctic explorer; born in Newburyport, Mass., March 27, 1844. He served as a volunteer through the war of 1861-1865, and shortly after its conclusion entered the regular army as lieutenant, and in 1868 was placed on the signal service. In 1881 he was se- lected to conduct the American expedition to the head of Smith Sound, for the purpose of carrying on observations in pursuance of the international scheme arranged at Hamburg in 1879. He and the sui'vivors of his pai'ty were rescued in June, 1883, when at the point of per- ishing from starvation, after spending three winters in the Arctic regions. Lieutenant Lockwood of this expedition traveled to within 396 miles of the geo- graphical pole, the farthest point N. hitherto reached. In 1887 Greely was appointed chief of the signal service, with the rank of a Brigadier-General. In 1906 he was promoted Major-General for completing the Ute campaign. He accomplished a great relief work when 400,000 people in San Francisco were made homeless by the earthquakes. He retired in 1908. He published "Three Years of Arctic Service" (1886). He died in 1920. GREEN, ANNA KATHARINE, the maiden name and pseudonym of Mrs. RoHLFS, an American author; bom in Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 11, 1846. She graduated at Ripley (female) College, Poultney, Vt., 1867. Her novels are de- tective stories, and enjoy great popular- ity. "The Leavenworth Case" (1878) is one of her best. Included in her pub- lications are: "Risifi's Daughter" (1866), a dramatic poem; "The Sword of Damoc- les"; "A Strange Disappearance"; "Hand and Ring"; "The Mill Mastery"; "That Affair Next Door": "Lost Man's Lane" (1898); "Agatha Webb" (1899); "The Circular Study" (1900); "Dark Hollow" (1914); "Mystery of the Hasty Arrow" (1917), etc. GREEN, JOHN RICHARD, an Eng- lish historian; born in Oxford, Ensrland, in December, 1837. He was educated at Magdalen College School and at Jesus College, Oxford, He took orders, and was in succession curate and vicar of two East End London parishes. In 1868 he became librarian at Lambeth, and next year he was struck down with consump- tion, a disease which made any kind of active work thereafter impossible. He published his "Short History of the Eng- lish People" in 1874. It was the tirst complete history of England from the social side. The work attained an un- paralleled success, as many as 150,000 copies having been sold within 15 years. He wrote also a larger and independent edition of the work as "A History of the English People" (4 vols. 1877-1880) ; "Stray Studies from England and Italy" (1876) ; "Short Geography of the British Islands" (1879), written in conjunction with his wife; "Making of England" (1882); "The Conquest of England" (1883). In 1879 he received the degree of LL. D. from the University of Edin- burgh. He died in Mentone, France, March 7, 1883. GREEN, THOMAS HILL, an English philosopher; born in Birkin, Yorkshire, England, April 7, 1836. He was educated at Rugby, and Balliol College, Oxford, taking there in 1859 a first-class in litterse humaniores, later a third in law and modei'n history, and in November, 1860, being elected to a fellowship in his college, to which he was re-elected in 1872, becoming also its first lay tutor in 1866. He married a sister of John Ad- dington Symonds in 1871, and was ap- pointed in 1877 to be Whyte's Professor of Moral Philosophy. He wrote "Pro- legomena to Ethics"; "Works" (3 vols. 1885-1888) ; etc. He died March 26, 1882, leaving £1,000 to the university for a prize essay in the department of moral philosophy, £1,000 to found a scholarship at the Oxford High School for boys, and £3,500 to Balliol College for the promo- tion of higher education in large towns. He died in 1882. GREENAWAY, KATE, an English artist; especially famous for her pictures of child life. Her first book was "Under the Window," followed by illustrations for "Pied Piper of Hamelin," "Marigold Garden," "Mother Goose," etc., and two books of her own, "A Painting Book for Boys and (Srls," and "Kate Greenaway's Alphabet." She died in London, Nov. 8, 1901. GREENBACK PARTY, in the United States, called by its members the Inde- pendent National party, was organized in 1876, and was the outgrowth of the Granger and Labor Reform movements. Its convention at Indianapolis in May, 1876, demanded "the unconditional repeal
