GRILLPARZER 410 GRINDING MACHINERY 1875 to 1888. In 1896 he was elected Governor of New Jersey, but resigned in 1898 to become Attorney-General in the cabinet of President McKinley. He re- signed his post in 1901 to become a mem- ber of the Permanent Court of Arbitra- tion at The Hague. In this capacity he served until 1908, when he again en- gaged in the practice of law. GRILLPARZER, FRANZ (gril'parts- er), an Austrian poet and dramatist; born in Vienna, Jan. 15, 1791. "Blanche of Castile," a tragedy, written at 17, and "Spartacus," a tragedy, showed genius; l)ut "The Ancestress," first called popu- lar attention to him. "Sappho," a tragedy, made him eminent in scholar- ship also. "The Golden Fleece," "The Argonauts," and "Medea" constitute a trilogy. "The Career and End of King Ottokar," "A True Servant of His Mas- ter," and "Woe to Him Who Lies" de- mand mention; but his poem "Waves of Ocean: Thrills of Love" is the supreme manifestation of his art. "In Thy Camp Is Austria," a poem of the times, created a sensation. Later works of note are "The Jewess of Toledo," "Fraternal Strife in the House of Hapsburg," and "Libussa," plays published posthumous- ly; and a story, "The Poor Minstrel." He died in Vienna, Jan. 21, 1872. GRIMALDI, JOSEPH, a noted Eng- lish pantomimist; born in London, Eng- land, Dec. 18, 1779. He first appeared on the boards of Drury Lane at two years old, and in his third year he had his first engagement at Sadler's Wells Theater, where he regularly performed (except for one season) till his retire- ment from the stage, prematurely worn out by hard work, in 1828. Charles Dickens edited his "Memoirs" (1838). He died in London, May 31, 1837. GRIMM, JAKOB, a German philolo- gist; born in Hanau, Hesse-Cassel, Jan. 4, 1785. He was educated at the Uni- versity of Marburg, and in 1805 spent some months at Paris as assistant to Savigny. Three years later he was ap- pointed librarian to Jerome Bonaparte, King of Westphalia. On the overthrow of the new kingdom of Westphalia, in 1813, he was made secretary of legation under the restored electorate, and in that capacity was present at the Congress of Vienna. He held the office of sub-libra- rian to the elector from 1816 till 1829, his younger brother, Wilhelm, being also em- ployed in the library. In the latter year he became first librarian to the Univer- sity of Gottingen, which post, with a pro- fessorship, he held till 1837. In that year he was dismissed, as was also his brother, from his similar office, for pro- testing against the violation of the con- stitution of the King of Hanover. In 1841 they both settled in Berlin, as pro- fessors in the university, and members of the Academy of Sciences, where they were commonly known as the Brothers Grimm. Under that name also they have a certain immortality in the affec- tions of the children of the civilized world. Jakob wrote: "German Gram- mar"; "German Mythology"; "History of the German Language." The great "German Dictionary," their joint produc- tion, was left unfinished by them. The well-known "Children's and Family Tales" was also their joint work. Jakob died in Berlin, Sept. 20, 1863. GRIMM, WILHELM, a German philol- ogist, brother of the preceding; born in Hanau, Hesse-Cassel, Feb. 24, 1786. For the facts of his life, see Grimm, Jakob. He edited many old German texts, and collaborated with his brother Jakob in several of his works. His own most im- portant book is "German Heroic Leg- ends" (1829). His "Minor Writings" (1881-1886) contain an autobiography. He died in Berlin, Dec. 16, 1859. GRIMSBY, or GREAT GRIMSBY, a parliamentary and municipal borough and seaport of Lincolnshire; on the right bank of the Humber, 20 miles E. S. E. of Hull and 41 N. E. of Lincoln. The parish church, a good cruciform edifice in the Early English style, was restored in 1859. A statue of the prince consort was unveiled in 1879, and a public park of 27 acres opened in 1883. The town is the largest fishing port in Great Britain, being mostly engaged in the cod, herring, and whelk fisheries. The industries in- clude shipbuilding, tanning, brewing, cordage-making, and flax-dressing. Pop. about 78,813. GRINDELWALD (-valt), one of the most beautiful valleys (3,468 feet) of the Bernese Oberland in Switzerland, about 12 V^ miles long and 4 broad; it forms the approach to the two Grindelwald glaciers; it is recommended as a winter health resort. GRINDING, CRUSHING AND PUL- VERIZING MACHINERY. The proc- ess of reducing solids from large frag- ments to small particles may be accom- plished by various means which may be classified as under: (1) Breaking, as when a stone is broken by a sledge-hammer. (2) Crushing, exemplified by the crushing of sugar with a rolling pin. (3) Grinding, accomplished by intro- ducing the material between two sur- faces, of which one may be stationary and the other rotating, or both of which may rotate but in opposite directions.
